Disclosed herein are recombinant antibodies or the fragment thereof for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). According to some embodiments, the SARS-CoV is SARS-CoV-1. According to some alternative embodiments, the SARS-CoV is SARS-CoV-2. Also disclosed herein are a kit comprising the recombinant antibodies, and a method for diagnosing the infection of SARS-CoV by using the recombinant antibody or the kit.

Techniques regarding antigen-binding proteins that can bind to CoV (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) variants are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise an antigen-binding protein that can comprise a heavy polypeptide chain variable region with an amino acid sequence that is a variant of SEQ ID NO: 7. The amino acid sequence can comprise at least one amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of: R50D, R50E, R50W, R50F, R50Y, R50L, R50V, R50I, R50Pho, I54D, I54E, I54W, I54F, I54Y, I54Pho, L55D, L55E, L55W, L55F, L55Y, and L55Pho.

The present disclosure is directed to antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof, having improved binding specificity for coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, including neutralizing antibodies. Other embodiments contemplate using anti-CoV-S antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with coronaviruses or the S protein thereof and conditions where neutralization or inhibition of coronaviruses or the S protein thereof would be therapeutically beneficial.

The present disclosure is directed to antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof, having improved binding specificity for coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, including neutralizing antibodies. Other embodiments contemplate using anti-CoV-S antibodies, and binding fragments thereof, for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of diseases and disorders associated with coronaviruses or the S protein thereof and conditions where neutralization or inhibition of coronaviruses or the S protein thereof would be therapeutically beneficial.

The invention describes a method of generating antibodies to a mixture of SARS-COV-2 peptidogenic proteins or polynucleotides encoding SARS-COV-2 peptidogenic proteins wherein the SARS-COV-2 peptidogenic protein has altered conformational dynamics as compared to a SARS-COV-2 starting protein and wherein the SARS-COV-2 peptidogenic protein has a similar conformation to the SARS-COV-2 starting protein. The SARS-COV-2 peptidogenic proteins can be used to induce an immune response, which can lead to the generation of antibodies and/or can be used to vaccinate a mammal.

The present invention involves an engineered probiotic bacterium comprising a heterologous nucleic acid, where the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an anti-spike glycoprotein nanobody of a coronavirus. In one embodiment, the bacterium is Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. In another embodiment, the anti-spike glycoprotein nanobody appears on the surface of the probiotic bacteria.

The present invention involves an engineered probiotic bacterium comprising a heterologous nucleic acid, where the heterologous nucleic acid comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding an anti-spike glycoprotein nanobody of a coronavirus. In one embodiment, the bacterium is Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. In another embodiment, the anti-spike glycoprotein nanobody appears on the surface of the probiotic bacteria.

The present disclosure provides non-parenteral compositions comprising a recombinant Spirulina comprising at least one exogenous therapeutic. Compositions of the present disclosure can be used as vaccines and/or therapeutic drugs. The present disclosure also provides methods of making recombinant Spirulina comprising at least one exogenous therapeutic, and methods of treatment.

The present disclosure provides non-parenteral compositions comprising a recombinant Spirulina comprising at least one exogenous therapeutic. Compositions of the present disclosure can be used as vaccines and/or therapeutic drugs. The present disclosure also provides methods of making recombinant Spirulina comprising at least one exogenous therapeutic, and methods of treatment.

The present disclosure provides antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that specifically bind to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 and methods of making and using the same. The antibodies can be used, for example, in prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis, or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The antibodies can also be used to detect SARS-CoV-2, e.g., an infection in subject.