A programmable battery pack including a switch arrangement module having at least one rechargeable battery with and at least one single pole single throw (SPST) switch, a system power supply having at least one linear regulator and at least one single pole single throw (SPST) switch, at least one controller module having a micro-controller executing a pre-programmed firmware, and an external power supply.

A traction battery is charged or discharged according to power limits that are based on generated state of charge values for the traction battery such that, for a 1C discharge rate of the traction battery at a temperature of 0 C., measured terminal voltage values of the traction battery continue to track terminal voltage values that are a function of the generated state of charge values as current throughput of the traction battery increases.

Embodiments of the present application provide a charging and discharging apparatus and a battery charging method, which are capable of ensuring security performance of a battery. The apparatus comprises a bi-directional DC/DC converter and a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to: receive a first charging current transmitted by a battery management system (BMS) of a battery, control the bi-directional DC/DC converter based on the first charging current to charge the battery through an energy storage battery; receive a first discharging current transmitted by the BMS and control the bi-directional DC/DC converter based on the first discharging current to discharge a battery capacity of the battery to the energy storage battery; and receive a second charging current transmitted by the BMS and control the bi-directional DC/DC converter based on the second charging current to charge the battery through the energy storage battery.

A battery charging and discharging system includes bidirectional power supply and bypass module. Bidirectional power supply provides a charge current to charge a battery in a charge operation. Bypass module includes a first current path and a second current path that are coupled in parallel to each other. First current path includes a first resistor unit and battery coupled to first resistor unit. Second current path includes a second resistor unit. Charge current is a sum of a first charge current flowing through first current path and a second charge current flowing through second current path. Impedances of first resistor unit and second resistor unit are adjusted to gradually increase and to decrease respectively, so that a current value of first charge current gradually changes from a first current value to zero and a current value of second charge current gradually changes from zero to a second current value.

A charging/discharging circuit and an electronic device are provided. The circuit includes: a first terminal of a first branch is connected to an electrical energy supply terminal, and a second terminal of the first branch is connected to the first battery; a first terminal of a second branch is connected to the electrical energy supply terminal, and a second terminal of the second branch is connected to the second battery; the first branch includes a first control circuit; the first control circuit is configured to adjust impedance of the first branch; and a controller is configured to: indicate, based on a first current and a second current, the first control circuit to adjust impedance of the first branch, so that a ratio of the first current to the second current is close to the first value.

An energy storage system may include one or more first battery racks, one or more second battery racks, one or more DC/DC converters configured to manage the one or more second battery racks respectively, and a battery system controller configured to monitor outputs of the one or more first battery racks and outputs of the one or more DC/DC converters, and to control the outputs of the one or more DC/DC converters. Tye one or more second battery racks and the one or more DC/DC converters are additionally installed in the energy storage system after the first battery racks are installed in the energy storage system to augment the first battery racks.

A charging system for a secondary battery includes: a current sensor that measures a current flowing in the secondary battery; and a control apparatus that, during charging of the secondary battery, refers to a measurement value of the current sensor and performs charging control of the secondary battery. The current sensor includes a magnetic current sensor. The charging control includes setting of a chargeable current value that is allowed during the charging of the secondary battery. When a ripple is detected from the measurement value of the magnetic current sensor and a current value of the detected ripple is not less than a predetermined current value, the chargeable current value is set using the current value of the detected ripple.

An electronic device includes a first switching circuit switching a power feed path between a first path for supplying first power and a second path for supplying second power, and a step-up/down circuit changing a voltage of the second power. The first switching circuit switches the power feed path to the first path when a voltage of the first path is higher than a voltage of the second path, and switches the power feed path to the second path when a voltage of the second path is higher than a voltage of the first path. The step-up/down circuit makes the voltage of the second power lower than a voltage of the first power when the first power is larger than the second power, and makes the voltage of the second power higher than the voltage of the first power when the second power is larger than the first power.

A method for determining charging profiles for device batteries of battery-operated devices. In one instance, the method includes selecting device batteries having the same usage-related load and the same aging state; dividing the selected device batteries into groups; assigning different charging profiles to the groups of device batteries, wherein the charging profiles indicate for a charging operation a maximum permissible charging current depending on a charge level range; operating the device batteries of all groups with the respectively assigned charging profiles for a predetermined period of time, so that charging operations are executed depending on the respectively assigned charging profile; detecting a change in the average aging state for each group of device batteries between the beginning of the predetermined time period and the end of the predetermined time period; and adjusting the charging profile depending on the change in the average aging state.

A method for determining charging profiles for device batteries of battery-operated devices. In one instance, the method includes selecting device batteries having the same usage-related load and the same aging state; dividing the selected device batteries into groups; assigning different charging profiles to the groups of device batteries, wherein the charging profiles indicate for a charging operation a maximum permissible charging current depending on a charge level range; operating the device batteries of all groups with the respectively assigned charging profiles for a predetermined period of time, so that charging operations are executed depending on the respectively assigned charging profile; detecting a change in the average aging state for each group of device batteries between the beginning of the predetermined time period and the end of the predetermined time period; and adjusting the charging profile depending on the change in the average aging state.