In certain aspects, a three-dimensional (3D) memory device includes a first semiconductor structure and a second semiconductor structure bonded with the first semiconductor structure. The first semiconductor structure includes an array of NAND memory strings, a semiconductor layer in contact with source ends of the array of NAND memory strings, a non-conductive layer aligned with the semiconductor layer, and a contact structure in the non-conductive layer. The non-conductive layer electrically insulates the contact structure from the semiconductor layer. The second semiconductor structure includes a transistor.

Integrated circuit interconnect structures including an interconnect line metallization feature subjected to one or more chalcogenation techniques to form a cap may reduce line resistance. A top portion of a bulk line material may be advantageously crystallized into a metal chalcogenide cap with exceptionally large crystal structure. Accordingly, chalcogenation of a top portion of a bulk material can lower scattering resistance of an interconnect line relative to alternatives where the bulk material is capped with an alternative material, such as an amorphous dielectric or a fine grained metallic or graphitic material.

Interconnect structures and corresponding techniques for forming the interconnect structures are disclosed herein. An exemplary interconnect structure includes a conductive feature that includes cobalt and a via disposed over the conductive feature. The via includes a first via barrier layer disposed over the conductive feature, a second via barrier layer disposed over the first via barrier layer, and a via bulk layer disposed over the second via barrier layer. The first via barrier layer includes titanium, and the second via barrier layer includes titanium and nitrogen. The via bulk layer can include tungsten and/or cobalt. A capping layer may be disposed over the conductive feature, where the via extends through the capping layer to contact the conductive feature. In some implementations, the capping layer includes cobalt and silicon.

A semiconductor substrate includes a plurality of transistors. A first structure is disposed over a first side of the semiconductor substrate. The first structure contains a plurality of first metallization components. A carrier substrate is disposed over the first structure. The first structure is located between the carrier substrate and the semiconductor substrate. One or more openings extend through the carrier substrate and expose one or more regions of the first structure to the first side. A second structure is disposed over a second side of the semiconductor substrate opposite the first side. The second structure contains a plurality of second metallization components.

Integrated circuit devices and methods of forming the same are provided. A method according to the present disclosure includes providing a workpiece including a first metal feature in a dielectric layer and a capping layer over the first metal feature, selectively depositing a blocking layer over the capping layer, depositing an etch stop layer (ESL) over the workpiece, removing the blocking layer, and depositing a second metal feature over the workpiece such that the first metal feature is electrically coupled to the second metal feature. The blocking layer prevents the ESL from being deposited over the capping layer.

A connecting structure includes a first dielectric layer disposed over a substrate and a conductive feature, a doped dielectric layer disposed over the first dielectric layer, a first metal portion disposed in the first dielectric layer and in contact with the conductive feature, and a doped metal portion disposed over the first metal portion. The first metal portion and the doped metal portion include a same noble metal material. The doped dielectric layer and the doped metal portion include same dopants.

A quantum computing system that includes a quantum circuit device having at least one operating frequency; a first substrate having a first surface on which the quantum circuit device is disposed; a second substrate having a first surface that defines a recess of the second substrate, the first and second substrates being arranged such that the recess of the second substrate forms an enclosure that houses the quantum circuit device; and an electrically conducting layer that covers at least a portion of the recess of the second substrate.

A method for providing a pre-deposition treatment (e.g., of a work-function layer) to accomplish work function tuning. In various embodiments, a gate dielectric layer is formed over a substrate, and a work-function metal layer is deposited over the gate dielectric layer. In some embodiments, a first in-situ process including a pre-treatment process of the work-function metal layer is performed. By way of example, the pre-treatment process removes an oxidized layer of the work-function metal layer to form a treated work-function metal layer. In some embodiments, after performing the first in-situ process, a second in-situ process including a deposition process of another metal layer over the treated work-function metal layer is performed.

A method for manufacturing a semiconductor element includes a preparation step, a protective gas introduction step, a reaction gas introduction step, and a deposition step. Firstly, a semiconductor sample is prepared on a stage of a cavity, where a line width of a circuit pattern layer of the semiconductor sample is less than 100 nm. Then, the stage is heated to and maintained at 250 C. to 480 C., and plasma is activated in a protective atmosphere to crack introduced benzene vapor to form a graphene layer on the circuit pattern layer, where a thickness of the graphene layer is 0.3 nm to 4.5 nm. The reaction can be carried out at a low temperature using the benzene vapor as a carbon source, improving properties of graphene deposited on a surface of the circuit pattern layer, and greatly reducing resistance of the circuit pattern layer.

An integrated circuit package may be fabricated with a universal dummy device, instead of utilizing a dummy device that matches the bump layer of an electronic substrate of the integrated circuit package. In one embodiment, the universal dummy device may comprise a device substrate having an attachment surface and a metallization layer on the attachment surface, wherein the metallization layer is utilized to form a connection with the electronic substrate of the integrated circuit package. In a specific embodiment, the metallization layer may be a single structure extending across the entire attachment surface. In another embodiment, the metallization layer may be patterned to enable gap control between the universal dummy device and the electronic substrate.