The present disclosure provides a management system (110), a vehicle battery (1100), a power supply device, a vehicle (11000), and an over-charge protection method. The management system (110) includes a first energy storage component (1112), a battery interface (1114), a load interface (1116), and an energy storage component management circuit (1118). The first energy storage component (1112) is capable of supplying power to an electrical device (1300) and to a load. The energy storage component management circuit (1118) is configured to: disconnect the first energy storage component (1112) from the load interface (1116) when an electric charge of the first energy storage component (1112) is less than a first predetermined electric charge, and disconnect the first energy storage component (1112) from the battery interface (1114) when the electric charge of the first energy storage component (1112) is less than a second predetermined electric charge.

A battery discharge undervoltage protection method includes: acquiring a temperature and a first voltage of a battery; determining, based on the temperature, a depth of discharge of the battery; determining, based on the first voltage, a first remaining capacity proportion of the battery; and determining, based on the first remaining capacity proportion, the depth of discharge and a first undervoltage threshold, a second undervoltage threshold to increase a discharge capacity proportion of the battery, the first undervoltage threshold is a preset undervoltage threshold, and the second undervoltage threshold is a dynamically adjusted undervoltage threshold.

Methods and devices for wired charging and communication with a wearable device are described. In one embodiment, a symmetrical contact interface comprises a first contact pad and a second contact pad, and particular wired circuitry is coupled to the first and second contact pad to enable charging as well as receive and transmit communications via the contact pads as part of various device states.

An energy storage apparatus includes a cell, a relay which cuts off a current of the cell, a bypass circuit connected in parallel with the relay, and a management device. The bypass circuit includes two back-to-back connected FETs. When an abnormality of the cell is detected by the management device, the management device opens the relay, closes one FET of the two FETs, and opens the other FET, and permits a discharge or a charge of the cell through a path passing through a parasitic diode of the FET. When the discharge or the charge is being performed through the path passing through the parasitic diode, if a current I and an energization time T of the FET(s) reach a predetermined condition or the temperature of the FET(s) reaches a predetermined condition, the management device 150 closes the relay 53 and the other FET(s) that is open.

A power supply unit for an aerosol generation device includes: a power supply configured to supply power to a heater configured to heat an aerosol source; a receptacle configured to receive power for charging the power supply from a plug connected to an external power supply; a charger configured to control charging of the power supply by power received by the receptacle; and a controller. The receptacle and the power supply are connected in parallel with the charger, and the charger is configured to supply power from the receptacle and the power supply to the controller via the charger.

Provided in the present application are a modulation method and modulation apparatus for a cascaded energy storage system, and a storage medium. The cascaded energy storage system comprises N sub-modules connected in a cascade mode, where N2. The modulation method comprises: according to N carriers, modulating waveform signals that are output by N sub-modules, wherein the N carriers correspond to the N sub-modules on a one-to-one basis; and during modulation, performing at least one instance of synchronization delay on the N carriers, so as to synchronously change initial phase angles of the N carriers, wherein during the synchronization delay, the amplitudes of the carriers remain unchanged.

A circuit device includes a charging circuit configured to charge a battery and a control circuit configured to control the charging circuit. The battery is provided with a protection circuit of the battery that comes into a shutdown state when the battery is in an over-discharge state. The control circuit causes the charging circuit to increase the charging current from an initial current value larger than zero to start constant-current charging of the battery when the shutdown state of the protection circuit is released.

The present disclosure relates to a redundant power device, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a redundant power topology that can ensure normal operation of a battery management system (BMS) by securing normal operating power of the BMS even when a disconnection occurs in a cable connecting a battery cell and the BMS or an abnormality or failure occurs in an uppermost battery cell. The present disclosure provides a configuration of switching a power supply cable to a processor so that power is supplied to the processor through a sub-cable when an abnormality occurs in a main cable.

A charge and discharge control circuit is provided for controlling a charge control switch element and a discharge control switch element, for controlling charge and discharge of a secondary battery. The charge and discharge control circuit includes: a shunt resistor for detecting a voltage corresponding to a discharge current or a charge current, and output first and second voltage potentials at first and second terminals thereof; a comparator for comparing the first voltage potential with a voltage potential of an addition voltage of a predetermined threshold voltage and the second voltage potential, and output a comparison result signal indicating an overcurrent; a logic circuit for controlling the charge or discharge control switch element based on the comparison result signal; a first LPF inserted between the first terminal of the shunt resistor and the comparator; and a second LPF inserted between the second terminal of the shunt resistor and the comparator.

A battery control apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a plurality of switching circuits connected in series to a plurality of battery packs; a plurality of sensing circuits to generate a sensing signal indicating a voltage and a current of each battery pack; and a control circuit to determine the voltage, a state of health (SOH) and a state of charge (SOC) of each battery pack. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, in the selective parallel connection control for at least one of the plurality of batteries, it is possible to reduce a difference in SOH between the plurality of batteries.