A battery control device has a relay control unit, that turns on and off a series relay and a parallel relay, and an input-output control unit, that controls the inputs and/or outputs power to and/or from the battery unit. When the relay control unit performs a voltage adjustment sequence to adjust the voltage difference between the plurality of battery packs by turning on and off the series relay and the parallel relay, the input-output control unit controls the input-output section to input or output power adjusted to suppress a circulation current based on a direction and a magnitude of the circulation current.

According to some embodiments, a battery management system for a metal-hydrogen battery system is presented. In particular, a method of managing a battery system includes applying a charging current through a battery string of the battery system, the battery string including a plurality of coupled batteries; monitoring temperature of the plurality of batteries; determining a maximum charging voltage from a Vtable that relate the charging current, the temperature, and the maximum charging voltage for each battery in the battery string; and stopping the charging current when a voltage across one or more of the batteries of the battery string reaches the maximum charging voltage.

A battery SOC balancing control method and a single-machine control method are disclosed. The method includes: collecting an SOC value of each single-machine in a parallel-machine system, and when the parallel-machine system meets a condition for starting SOC balancing, switching an operation mode of each single-machine according to a numerical comparison result between the SOC value of each single-machine and an average SOC value of the parallel-machine system; controlling an output of each single-machine according to a type of the operation mode of each single-machine, where the single-machine in a voltage source mode is controlled to output a rated voltage, and the single-machine in a current source mode is controlled to start a grid connection operation; when it is detected that there exists no single-machine operating in the current source mode in the parallel-machine system, switching an operation mode of the parallel-machine system to a voltage source droop parallel-machine mode.

A shopping cart system includes a shopping cart that includes an input connector that receives, from the power supply device or a previous stage cart, a charging current and a DC voltage of a DC power supply different from a supply power supply of the charging current, a first resistor connected in series to an input line of the DC voltage, and a first output connector that outputs the DC voltage via the first resistor and a part of the charging current received by the input connector. The power supply device includes a second output connector that outputs a charging current and a DC voltage via a second resistor connected in series to an output line of the DC power supply, and an energization control unit that stops the charging current when a current flowing through the second resistor falls below a predetermined value.

The invention discloses method and apparatus for quantitative analysis of battery performance and an electronic device. The method includes performing a full charging/discharging process on a to-be-analyzed battery cluster, and determining differential capacities versus voltage of a plurality of cells in the battery cluster at different times; determining first times and first states of charge (SOC) when the differential capacities versus voltage of the cells reach a first peak and second times and second SOCs when the differential capacities versus voltage of the cells reach a second peak, and determining capacity parameters of the cells; and performing quantitative analysis on the battery cluster according to the capacity parameters of the plurality of cells. Accordingly, the battery cluster does not need to be disassembled. The capacity parameters can be quickly and accurately determined through a full charging/discharging process. The method requires can realize relatively accurate quantitative analysis for the battery cluster.

An energy storage apparatus and methodology for controlling discharge of an energy storage apparatus. In embodiments, the apparatus includes a plurality of energy storage devices connected in series, a plurality of discharge resistors connected in parallel to the energy storage devices, a plurality of electrically operated switches connected between the energy storage devices and the discharge resistors, and a controller connected to the electrically operated switches. In use, the controller is configured to output an electrical signal to the electrically operated switches, and the presence or absence of the electrical signal is determinative of an open or closed state of the switches corresponding to respective inactive and active discharge states of the energy storage devices.

Variable droop control for a direct current microgrid that has a plurality of parallel grid-forming battery energy storage systems. The droop control mitigates against discrepancies in the state of charge of such battery energy storage systems. The droop control is dynamically adaptive, ensures safety and stability for the battery stacks while providing drooping and dedrooping at rates that maintain transient stability of the direct current microgrid without degrading the quality of the direct current bus. Embodiments of the invention measure a state of charge of each battery stack of each of the battery energy storage systems and computes an average state of charge for the battery energy storage systems.

A control system is provided for controlling multiple power sources of a power system. The control system calculates real and reactive power set points for each of the power sources utilizing: (1) a feedforward power compensation function that provides optimized site level set points; (2) a real power set point derivation scheme in which the real power set points are selected based on the energy capacity of the energy storage devices; (3) a state of charge (SOC) balancing scheme that substantially balances the state of charge of the energy storage devices; (4) a remainder function to account for real-time limits imposed by the equipment; and/or (5) a reactive power set point derivation scheme in which the reactive power set points are selected to minimize the total apparent power across the power sources.

A control system is provided for controlling multiple power sources of a power system. The control system calculates real and reactive power set points for each of the power sources utilizing: (1) a feedforward power compensation function that provides optimized site level set points; (2) a real power set point derivation scheme in which the real power set points are selected based on the energy capacity of the energy storage devices; (3) a state of charge (SOC) balancing scheme that substantially balances the state of charge of the energy storage devices; (4) a remainder function to account for real-time limits imposed by the equipment; and/or (5) a reactive power set point derivation scheme in which the reactive power set points are selected to minimize the total apparent power across the power sources.

The present disclosure provides a marine starter battery management system and a method for monitoring its low-temperature charging and discharging. The system comprises a battery management unit, a heating circuit, a high-current charge/discharge drive circuit, a passive balancing circuit, a voltage spike suppression circuit, a soft-start circuit, and a processing unit. The processing unit is electrically connected to these components. Based on battery state parameters, the processing unit controls in real-time the operating states and sequences of the heating circuit, the high-current drive circuit, the passive balancing circuit, the voltage spike suppression circuit, and the soft-start circuit. This intelligent, coordinated control of the various functional modules improves the safety, reliability, and performance of the marine starter battery, particularly in demanding low-temperature environments.