The present disclosure discloses a bus voltage modulation method for a series dynamic reconfiguration battery system, comprising: collecting a voltage value of each battery module, and arranging in a descending order according to magnitudes of the voltage values; selecting a battery module corresponding to the highest voltage value; determining whether the serial number i of the selected battery module is less than a total number N of series battery modules, if a determination result is YES, accumulating voltage values corresponding to the selected battery modules, and determining whether a voltage accumulation value of the battery modules is within a preset range; and repeating the above content until an output bus voltage meets requirements for the preset range. A dynamic reconfiguration battery system based on a software-defined technology of the present disclosure can reconstruct and output a desired bus voltage according to voltages of respective battery modules in real time.

The present disclosure discloses a bus voltage modulation method for a series dynamic reconfiguration battery system, comprising: collecting a voltage value of each battery module, and arranging in a descending order according to magnitudes of the voltage values; selecting a battery module corresponding to the highest voltage value; determining whether the serial number i of the selected battery module is less than a total number N of series battery modules, if a determination result is YES, accumulating voltage values corresponding to the selected battery modules, and determining whether a voltage accumulation value of the battery modules is within a preset range; and repeating the above content until an output bus voltage meets requirements for the preset range. A dynamic reconfiguration battery system based on a software-defined technology of the present disclosure can reconstruct and output a desired bus voltage according to voltages of respective battery modules in real time.

A battery management module includes: at least one battery cell; a first relay connected to a first terminal of the at least one battery cell; a second relay connected to a second terminal of the at least one battery cell; and a microcontroller to: receive a first voltage value of a first voltage across both ends of the first relay; receive a second voltage value of a second voltage across both ends of the second relay; and generate first pre-diagnosis data associated with a contact failure of at least one of the first relay or the second relay based on the first voltage value and the second voltage value.

For lithium-ion batteries that are composed of multiple battery cells and have a flat region in the SOC-OCV characteristic curve where the rate of change in open circuit voltage with respect to state of charge is less than or equal to a predetermined value, an equalization method is used to determine which battery cells should be subjected to equalization processing. The equalization cell determination device includes an acquisition unit that acquires the voltages of a plurality of battery cells immediately after charging of a lithium-ion battery is stopped, and a voltage difference between the voltages of the plurality of battery cells acquired by the acquisition unit. The battery includes a calculation unit and a determination unit that determines a battery cell to be subjected to equalization processing based on the plurality of voltage differences calculated by the calculation unit.

For lithium-ion batteries that are composed of multiple battery cells and have a flat region in the SOC-OCV characteristic curve where the rate of change in open circuit voltage with respect to state of charge is less than or equal to a predetermined value, an equalization method is used to determine which battery cells should be subjected to equalization processing. The equalization cell determination device includes an acquisition unit that acquires the voltages of a plurality of battery cells immediately after charging of a lithium-ion battery is stopped, and a voltage difference between the voltages of the plurality of battery cells acquired by the acquisition unit. The battery includes a calculation unit and a determination unit that determines a battery cell to be subjected to equalization processing based on the plurality of voltage differences calculated by the calculation unit.

A long-lasting high-power battery protection system with intelligent management includes a battery cell, and a battery management system including a secondary control system, a low-power switching element, a high-capacity relay, a battery cell voltage balancing system and a surge absorption cell connected in parallel to the battery. Through the battery cell voltage balancing system, the voltage difference between each battery cell is effectively controlled. At the same time, by connecting the surge absorption cell in parallel to the battery, the instantaneous voltage surge on the power rail can be effectively eliminated without causing damage to the expensive vehicle electronic control units (ECUs), thereby achieving the purpose of protecting vehicle components.

Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

Module-based energy systems are provided having multiple converter-source modules. The converter-source modules can each include an energy source and a converter. The systems can further include control circuitry for the modules. The modules can be arranged in various ways to provide single phase AC, multi-phase AC, and/or DC outputs. Each module can be independently monitored and controlled.

A method for intuitive quantification of battery discharge balancing quality and a battery management system using the same are provided. The method comprises the following steps: calculating a battery discharge balancing index (B_DQ); and determining whether the number of battery strings is 1; if not, calculating a string discharge balancing index (S_DQ); if so, assigning a value of 100% to the string discharge balancing index (S_DQ).

A battery balancing apparatus and a method therefor are provided. The battery balancing apparatus includes a battery including battery cells, and a processor to set the battery cells to channels including a first channel and a second channel, and perform a balancing operation for the battery cells included in the second channel while sensing voltages of the battery cells included in the first channel.