The battery output extension circuit has a switch to supply energy from a first rechargeable battery to charge a capacitor and a second rechargeable battery and then interrupt that supply of energy. The battery output extension circuit has another switch to subsequently enable energy to be discharged from the capacitor to power a load. The sequential charging of the capacitor and the second rechargeable battery, interruption of the charging, and subsequent discharging of the capacitor to power a load is repeatedly performed. A switching configuration can reverse the direction of charging such that the second rechargeable battery supplies the energy to perform a similar repeatedly performed sequential charging of the capacitor and the first rechargeable battery, interruption of the charging, and subsequent discharging of the capacitor to power the load.

A method of providing a single structure multiple mode antenna is described. The antenna is preferably constructed having a first inductor coil that is electrically connected in series with a second inductor coil. The antenna is constructed having a plurality of electrical connections positioned along the first and second inductor coils. A plurality of terminals is connected to the electrical connections that facilitate numerous electrical connections and enables the antenna to be selectively tuned to various frequencies and frequency bands.

A power backup system includes a multi phased energy storage and a backup supply. The energy storage includes battery strings, each capable of supplying either an AC or DC voltage to a load. During normal operation, the backup supply is configured for being supplied with an AC voltage from a utility grid and being connectable to a DC voltage supplying battery string of the energy storage. During abnormal operation, the backup supply is configured for, in a first period of time, being supplied from a DC output voltage established by the a first battery string and after expiration of the first period of time being supplied from the AC output voltage established by a second battery string.

A battery management system comprising: at least one battery comprising two or more sets of cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells; a multiplexing switch apparatus connected to each set of cells; and at least one controller configured to use the multiplexing switch apparatus to selectively discharge the sets of cells based on at least one criterion. A battery pack comprising: at least one battery comprising two or more sets of cells, each set of cells comprising one or more cells; and an integrated switching control system comprising at least one switch connected to each set of cells, wherein the integrated switching control system is configured to control the at least one switch to discharge the sets of cells sequentially or selectively based on at least one criterion. A battery management method or a battery pack control method.

In a power conditioner system including a storage system having a plurality of battery units, the battery units of the storage system are each connected to an inverter through a DC link. A battery unit executing charge/discharge operation for controlling the voltage of the DC link is selected among the battery units.

Energy storage systems for charging an electronic device and methods of operating the same are disclosed. The energy storage system includes an AC bus, a DC bus, a plurality of batteries, a plurality of breakers, a plurality of inverters, and a controller operatively coupled with the batteries and the breakers. The method includes calculating, by the controller, an amount of power necessary to charge the electronic device; operating, by the controller, the breakers such that the batteries of a discharging station is configured to discharge through a charging station; and charging the electronic device using the batteries.

Electrochemical cell and battery management systems comprise at least one battery comprising two or more strings of cells, each string of cells comprising two or more cells. The system includes a multiplexing switch apparatus connected to each string of cells and a controller. the controller is used to control various aspects of the charge and/or discharge of the electrochemical cell and/or battery.

A battery management apparatus, a battery pack, an electric vehicle and a battery management method are provided. The battery management apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a controller configured to obtain a plurality of cell state parameters indicating electric states of the plurality of battery cells; determine whether to perform a balancing process, which is a procedure of selectively discharging or charging each of the plurality of battery cells, to suppress a deviation in electric states among the plurality of battery cells; and perform the balancing process for at least one battery cell among the plurality of battery cells, based on the plurality of cell state parameters.

A control switch incorporating a basic building block comprises one or more 1:2 demultiplexers and one or more comparators to facilitate the charging and/or the discharging control for a battery module coupled to the control switch and for linking a set of control switches into a charging and/or a discharging control chain to control charging and/or discharging for a set of battery modules coupled to the set of control switches.

An energy storage system having a self-supply mode includes a plurality of battery energy storage system (BESS) modules, a plant controller, and an auxiliary system. The plant controller operates the energy storge system in a self-supply mode to supply electric power to the auxiliary system when the energy storage system is disconnected from an electric grid. The self-supply mode includes monitoring, for each of the rechargeable BESS enclosures, a state of charge parameter (SoC), sequentially activating one of the rechargeable BESS enclosures to supply electric power to the auxiliary system, and upon determining that the SoC of the one of the rechargeable BESS enclosures is less than a threshold, deactivating the one rechargeable BESS enclosure and activating another of the plurality of rechargeable BESS enclosures to supply electric power to the auxiliary system.