A copper diffusion-suppressing electrical bond between a first semiconductor wafer or chip or interposer and a second semiconductor wafer or chip or interposer includes a first bond pad metal with a first bond pad metal surface disposed on the first semiconductor wafer or chip or interposer, bonded with a second bond pad metal with a second bond pad metal surface disposed on the second semiconductor wafer or chip or interposer. A copper outdiffusion-suppressing coating such as a titanium, cobalt, nickel/gold, or nickel/palladium/gold layer may be disposed on the first copper bond pad metal surface and/or on the second copper bond pad metal surface. The copper of the bond pad metal may be doped with manganese to form a copper outdiffusion-suppressing surface manganese oxide. The bond pad metal may alternatively be tungsten to prevent copper outdiffusion.

A bonding pad structure and a method of manufacturing a bonding pad structure are provided. The bonding pad structure includes a carrier, a first conductive layer disposed over the carrier, a second conductive layer disposed on the first conductive layer and contacting the first conductive layer, and a third conductive layer disposed on the second conductive layer and contacting the second conductive layer. The bonding pad structure also includes a first passivation layer disposed on the first conductive layer and contacting at least one of the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer. An upper surface of the third conductive layer facing away from the carrier is exposed from the first passivation layer.

A structure includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and an interface region. The first substrate includes a first layer having at least one electrically conductive first portion and at least one electrically insulative second portion. The second substrate includes a second layer having at least one electrically conductive third portion and at least one electrically insulative fourth portion. The interface region is between the first layer and the second layer and includes at least one electrically conductive polymer material.