The invention provides a method for improving sarcopenia of a subject in need thereof by using Phellinus linteus, in which the method includes administering an effective dose of composition to the subject, and the composition includes Phellinus linteus (NITE BP-03321 and BCRC 930210) as an effective substance. By using the aforementioned composition including an extract of a fermented product of the Phellinus linteus and/or its derivative, diameters of myotubes, amounts of muscles and muscle muscular endurance can be maintained, thereby improving sarcopenia.

The invention provides a method for improving sarcopenia of a subject in need thereof by using Phellinus linteus, in which the method includes administering an effective dose of composition to the subject, and the composition includes Phellinus linteus (NITE BP-03321 and BCRC 930210) as an effective substance. By using the aforementioned composition including an extract of a fermented product of the Phellinus linteus and/or its derivative, diameters of myotubes, amounts of muscles and muscle muscular endurance can be maintained, thereby improving sarcopenia.

Provided is a composition for alleviating fatigue or enhancing exercise capability including extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients. The composition including the extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients may effectively alleviate fatigue accumulated in the body and enhance exercise capability by multilaterally controlling various factors involved in physical fatigue and/or enhancement of exercise capability. Specifically, the composition may effectively control the factors related to fatigue by increasing the expression level of HO-1 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway. Also, since extracts of natural plants or fractions thereof are used as active ingredients, the composition is completely harmless to the human body and may be used safely.

Provided is a composition for alleviating fatigue or enhancing exercise capability including extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients. The composition including the extracts or fractions of Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora as active ingredients may effectively alleviate fatigue accumulated in the body and enhance exercise capability by multilaterally controlling various factors involved in physical fatigue and/or enhancement of exercise capability. Specifically, the composition may effectively control the factors related to fatigue by increasing the expression level of HO-1 by activating the Nrf-2 pathway. Also, since extracts of natural plants or fractions thereof are used as active ingredients, the composition is completely harmless to the human body and may be used safely.

The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition or food composition for preventing, alleviating or treating muscular diseases comprising ginsenoside Rh2 as an active ingredient.

The present invention relates to use of a composition comprising D-glyceric acid (DGA), DL-glyceric acid, L-glyceric acid, or hydroxypyruvatic acid and/or their salts or esters. Further, the invention relates to the use of said composition for enhancing direct and indirect mitochondrial metabolism, e.g. the ATP producing electron transport system (ETS), citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, (TCA), and beta oxidation, and also enhancing the shuttling of reducing equivalents from mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol and protein synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Directly related to the above the use of DGA relates also to reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Alleviating, preventing and even healing effects towards extremely wide range of non-communicable diseases materializes.

Disclosed are compositions comprising nicotinamide riboside and a urolithin. The compositions are useful as medicaments, for example, for treating muscle-related pathological conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, and/or mitochondrial diseases, and as dietary supplements, functional foods and beverages, and as specialized nutrition or medical foods.

A beverage composition made with low-calorie, lactose-free skim milk in liquid or dry powder form. Amelanchier alnifolia extract having Abscisic Acid is added to the skim milk in a multi-step process that utilizes CO.sub.2 to maintain the nutrient value of the extract. Crystalline fructose, natural flavorings, nutrients and carbonation are added to produce a flavorful beverage composition. A method to make a carbonated beverage composition with low-calorie, lactose-free skim milk and Amelanchier alnifolia extract includes a series of steps to preserve the nutrient value of the extract.

A beverage composition made with low-calorie, lactose-free skim milk in liquid or dry powder form. Amelanchier alnifolia extract having Abscisic Acid is added to the skim milk in a multi-step process that utilizes CO.sub.2 to maintain the nutrient value of the extract. Crystalline fructose, natural flavorings, nutrients and carbonation are added to produce a flavorful beverage composition. A method to make a carbonated beverage composition with low-calorie, lactose-free skim milk and Amelanchier alnifolia extract includes a series of steps to preserve the nutrient value of the extract.

The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.