The disclosure provides for therapies and methods to treat atherosclerosis and/or hyperlipidemia, and complications resulting therefrom, with compositions that comprise therapeutically effective amounts of one or more human milk oligosaccharides.

A method for producing black ginseng concentrate is characterized by including steps of adding red ginseng to a continuous steaming-dryer followed by steaming, cooling, and drying to prepare black ginseng, carrying out extraction by adding alcohol to crushed black ginseng obtained by crushing the black ginseng prepared above followed by filtration to prepare black ginseng extract, and concentrating the black ginseng extract prepared above by using a plate type evaporative concentrator followed by heat treatment, and the present invention also relates to black ginseng concentrate prepared by the aforementioned method.

A method for producing black ginseng concentrate is characterized by including steps of adding red ginseng to a continuous steaming-dryer followed by steaming, cooling, and drying to prepare black ginseng, carrying out extraction by adding alcohol to crushed black ginseng obtained by crushing the black ginseng prepared above followed by filtration to prepare black ginseng extract, and concentrating the black ginseng extract prepared above by using a plate type evaporative concentrator followed by heat treatment, and the present invention also relates to black ginseng concentrate prepared by the aforementioned method.

Inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite influence metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis. Infusion of nitrite iv caused an acute drop in resting energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) and nitrate, when given perorally, caused a reduction in oxygen consumption during exercise and a depression of the increase in blood glucose observed after an oral glucose tolerance test. The doses of nitrate and nitrite did not cause any detectable change in methemoglobin levels of blood. Also, nitrate and nitrite did not alter lactate levels in blood. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate the energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis of a mammal by administration of inorganic nitrite and/or nitrate.

Inorganic anions nitrate and nitrite influence metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis. Infusion of nitrite iv caused an acute drop in resting energy expenditure (oxygen consumption) and nitrate, when given perorally, caused a reduction in oxygen consumption during exercise and a depression of the increase in blood glucose observed after an oral glucose tolerance test. The doses of nitrate and nitrite did not cause any detectable change in methemoglobin levels of blood. Also, nitrate and nitrite did not alter lactate levels in blood. This discovery provides useful treatments to regulate the energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis of a mammal by administration of inorganic nitrite and/or nitrate.

This invention relates to new uses of Bifidobacteria (particularly, although not exclusively, probiotic Bifidobacteria), and to food products, feed products, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations containing them. The bacteria are suitable for the treatment of diabetes (particularly Type 2 diabetes), obesity and related conditions, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism and consequences thereof, lowering tissue inflammation, treating hepatitis, myositis and cardiovascular conditions.

This invention relates to new uses of Bifidobacteria (particularly, although not exclusively, probiotic Bifidobacteria), and to food products, feed products, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations containing them. The bacteria are suitable for the treatment of diabetes (particularly Type 2 diabetes), obesity and related conditions, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism and consequences thereof, lowering tissue inflammation, treating hepatitis, myositis and cardiovascular conditions.

The present invention relates to a composition for preventing, treating, or alleviating ischemia-reperfusion injury, containing bile acid. According to the present invention, bile acid increases intranuclear beta-catenin levels, interferes with the opening of a mitochondria permeable transition pore (mPTP), and has excellent effects, in ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models, of alleviating tissue injury and reducing the size of infarcts, thereby being usable in the prevention, treatment, or alleviation of ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Various embodiments of the invention relate to compositions comprising vitamins, minerals and trace elements, antioxidants, amino acids, probiotics, and other components and methods for using such compositions to treat or prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cardiovascular disease.

Various embodiments of the invention relate to compositions comprising vitamins, minerals and trace elements, antioxidants, amino acids, probiotics, and other components and methods for using such compositions to treat or prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cardiovascular disease.