The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and/or preventing diabetes and/or obesity. This is accomplished by totally addressing the multiple mechanisms that lead to such conditions. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various biochemical processes and mechanisms that lead to diabetes and obesity. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and/or activity of one or more of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway; (3) at least one agent capable of activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway; (4) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (5) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); (6) at least one agent capable of enhancing glucose transporter (GLUT4) and/or inhibiting glucose transporter GLUT2; (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and/or activates adiponectin and (8) at least one agent that induces the expression of and/or activates sirtuin (SIRT1). The active agents for use herein are natural materials such as phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals. Compositions with combinations of such natural agents have the ability to prevent, reduce or treat diabetes and obesity by (a) clearing glucose and fatty acids from blood, (b) reducing the number of adipose cells and fat storage, (c) interfering with fat, glucose, and cholesterol biosynthesis, and (d) promoting fat and glucose oxidation. Since the present compositions are aimed toward normalizing metabolism and energy expenditure and managing oxidative stress and inflammation, they are also beneficial in relation to physical activity, in particular performance, endurance, fatigue and recovery during intensive and continuous exercise/exertion.

A method for producing black ginseng concentrate is characterized by including steps of adding red ginseng to a continuous steaming-dryer followed by steaming, cooling, and drying to prepare black ginseng, carrying out extraction by adding alcohol to crushed black ginseng obtained by crushing the black ginseng prepared above followed by filtration to prepare black ginseng extract, and concentrating the black ginseng extract prepared above by using a plate type evaporative concentrator followed by heat treatment, and the present invention also relates to black ginseng concentrate prepared by the aforementioned method.

A method for producing black ginseng concentrate is characterized by including steps of adding red ginseng to a continuous steaming-dryer followed by steaming, cooling, and drying to prepare black ginseng, carrying out extraction by adding alcohol to crushed black ginseng obtained by crushing the black ginseng prepared above followed by filtration to prepare black ginseng extract, and concentrating the black ginseng extract prepared above by using a plate type evaporative concentrator followed by heat treatment, and the present invention also relates to black ginseng concentrate prepared by the aforementioned method.

Disclosed are a novel Akkermansia muciniphila EB-AMDK27 strain having the effect of preventing or treating inflammatory disease or metabolic disease, and a pharmaceutical composition effective for preventing or treating inflammatory disease or metabolic disease, which contains the strain, a culture thereof, or a dried product thereof. While traditional probiotics generally have insufficient therapeutic effects on inflammatory or metabolic diseases, the disclosed next generation probiotic strain has an excellent effect on the prevention or treatment of inflammatory disease and/or metabolic disease so that it may be used as a new prophylactic and therapeutic tool.

Disclosed are a novel Akkermansia muciniphila EB-AMDK27 strain having the effect of preventing or treating inflammatory disease or metabolic disease, and a pharmaceutical composition effective for preventing or treating inflammatory disease or metabolic disease, which contains the strain, a culture thereof, or a dried product thereof. While traditional probiotics generally have insufficient therapeutic effects on inflammatory or metabolic diseases, the disclosed next generation probiotic strain has an excellent effect on the prevention or treatment of inflammatory disease and/or metabolic disease so that it may be used as a new prophylactic and therapeutic tool.

This invention relates to new uses of Bifidobacteria (particularly, although not exclusively, probiotic Bifidobacteria), and to food products, feed products, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations containing them. The bacteria are suitable for the treatment of diabetes (particularly Type 2 diabetes), obesity and related conditions, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism and consequences thereof, lowering tissue inflammation, treating hepatitis, myositis and cardiovascular conditions.

This invention relates to new uses of Bifidobacteria (particularly, although not exclusively, probiotic Bifidobacteria), and to food products, feed products, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations containing them. The bacteria are suitable for the treatment of diabetes (particularly Type 2 diabetes), obesity and related conditions, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose metabolism and consequences thereof, lowering tissue inflammation, treating hepatitis, myositis and cardiovascular conditions.

A nutritional or dietary supplement composition useful for formulating meal replacements, particularly beverage-based meal replacements. The composition is absorbed well in patients with compromised gastrointestinal absorption status, such as those having undergone bariatric surgery, other gastrointestinal surgery, those undergoing chemotherapy, and those with other gastrointestinal absorption disorders. Moreover, the compositions are nutritious foods for healthy people. Lastly, the compositions are useful for people with insulin disorders, difficulty maintaining healthy body weight, or inflammation-related disorders. Related methods are also provided.

A nutritional or dietary supplement composition useful for formulating meal replacements, particularly beverage-based meal replacements. The composition is absorbed well in patients with compromised gastrointestinal absorption status, such as those having undergone bariatric surgery, other gastrointestinal surgery, those undergoing chemotherapy, and those with other gastrointestinal absorption disorders. Moreover, the compositions are nutritious foods for healthy people. Lastly, the compositions are useful for people with insulin disorders, difficulty maintaining healthy body weight, or inflammation-related disorders. Related methods are also provided.

The present invention provides methods and compositions for balancing electron reduction potentials of formulations in a manner that reduces susceptibility to changes from xenobiotics. The present invention also provides novel compositions of matter based on structuring from a mobile nucleotide integral to its architecture.