The invention relates to various compositions for improving exercise performance and/or recovery. The invention also relates to methods of using these compositions and kits including these compositions to improve exercise performance and/or recovery.

An energy supplement composition, such as a small-volume “shot” drink, comprises ingredients formulated to enhance not only the energy of a consumer but also the focus and mood of the consumer. Therefore, the composition comprises at least one energy-enhancing ingredient (e.g., caffeine, methylliberine), at least one mood-enhancing ingredient (e.g., theanine), and at least one focus-enhancing ingredient (e.g., citicoline and/or alpha-GPC and uridine monophosphate). The composition may be free of “fillers,” such as taurine, choline bitartrate, and glucuronolactone. Related energy supplement drinks and other compositions are also disclosed.

An energy supplement composition, such as a small-volume “shot” drink, comprises ingredients formulated to enhance not only the energy of a consumer but also the focus and mood of the consumer. Therefore, the composition comprises at least one energy-enhancing ingredient (e.g., caffeine, methylliberine), at least one mood-enhancing ingredient (e.g., theanine), and at least one focus-enhancing ingredient (e.g., citicoline and/or alpha-GPC and uridine monophosphate). The composition may be free of “fillers,” such as taurine, choline bitartrate, and glucuronolactone. Related energy supplement drinks and other compositions are also disclosed.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

A composition that includes at least one target supplement and at least one rehydration formulation is described. When the at least one target supplement is ingested as part of the composition, the bioavailability of at least one target supplement is enhanced as compared to when it is ingested separate from the composition. The at least one target supplement is absorbed more quickly and in a greater amount when it is ingested as part of the composition than when it is ingested separate from the composition. The composition also hydrates a subject more quickly.

A composition that includes at least one target supplement and at least one rehydration formulation is described. When the at least one target supplement is ingested as part of the composition, the bioavailability of at least one target supplement is enhanced as compared to when it is ingested separate from the composition. The at least one target supplement is absorbed more quickly and in a greater amount when it is ingested as part of the composition than when it is ingested separate from the composition. The composition also hydrates a subject more quickly.

The present invention provides nutritional supplements consisting of an alginate hydrogel with sub-saturating amounts of calcium ions and comprising an aqueous solution comprising active ingredients, selected from sugars, complex carbohydrates, electrolytes, caffeine, and amino acids. The nutritional supplements allow for intake of carbohydrates without causing oral pH lowering and risk of dental caries, and without causing gastrointestinal discomfort while maintaining a high rate of intestinal uptake and oxidation of carbohydrates.

The present invention provides nutritional supplements consisting of an alginate hydrogel with sub-saturating amounts of calcium ions and comprising an aqueous solution comprising active ingredients, selected from sugars, complex carbohydrates, electrolytes, caffeine, and amino acids. The nutritional supplements allow for intake of carbohydrates without causing oral pH lowering and risk of dental caries, and without causing gastrointestinal discomfort while maintaining a high rate of intestinal uptake and oxidation of carbohydrates.

The present disclosure relates generally to sports drinks with improved ability to rehydrate individuals especially after intense physical activities. Compositions for preparing the drinks are also provided. The sports drinks can also reduce muscle soreness or fatigue, improve muscle performance, and minimize muscle cramping.

The present disclosure relates generally to sports drinks with improved ability to rehydrate individuals especially after intense physical activities. Compositions for preparing the drinks are also provided. The sports drinks can also reduce muscle soreness or fatigue, improve muscle performance, and minimize muscle cramping.