Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

The present invention is directed to a liquid heat sterilized enteral composition comprising: a protein source in an amount of 12 to 20% by weight of the composition, the protein source comprising whey protein preferably containing whey protein micelles, and a source of casein, and optionally other proteins. The inventive heat sterilized enteral composition preferably has a cysteine content of at least 1.2% by weight of the protein source. The present invention is furthermore directed to a process for preparing such a heat sterilized enteral composition comprising protein in an amount of 12 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition, said protein comprising whey protein containing whey protein micelles and casein and optionally other proteins. The process comprises the steps of: (i) Providing an aqueous solution of a protein source comprising whey protein containing whey protein micelles and (ii) Adding a protein source containing casein; (iii) Optionally performing a homogenization treatment step; (iv) Performing a heat treatment step; (v) Optionally performing a homogenization treatment step. Finally, the invention concerns the use of a protein source comprising whey protein containing whey protein micelles, a source of casein and optionally other proteins, for preparing an enteral composition and/or for controlling the viscosity of a liquid enteral composition, wherein the enteral composition comprises 12 to 20 weight % total protein. The invention also concerns medical uses and treatments applying or using the inventive heat sterilized enteral composition.

The present invention is directed to a liquid heat sterilized enteral composition comprising: a protein source in an amount of 12 to 20% by weight of the composition, the protein source consisting of whey protein containing whey protein micelles and a source of casein. The inventive heat sterilized enteral composition preferably has a cysteine content of 1.2 to 2.4% by weight of the composition. The present invention is furthermore directed to a process for preparing a heat sterilized enteral composition comprising protein in an amount of 12 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition, said protein consisting of whey protein containing whey protein micelles and casein, which comprises the steps of: (i) Providing an aqueous solution of a protein source consisting of whey protein containing whey protein micelles and (ii) Adding a protein source containing casein; (iii) Optionally performing a homogenization treatment step; (iv) Performing a heat treatment step; (v) Optionally performing a homogenization treatment step. Finally, the invention concerns the use of a protein source consisting of whey protein containing whey protein micelles and a source of casein, for preparing an enteral composition and/or for controlling the viscosity of a liquid enteral composition, wherein the enteral composition comprises 12 to 20 weight % total protein. The invention also concerns medical uses and treatments applying or using the inventive heat sterilized enteral composition.

Acidic and near-neutral pH ready-to-drink beverages comprising creatine at least one electrolyte are provided herein.

Acidic and near-neutral pH ready-to-drink beverages comprising creatine at least one electrolyte are provided herein.

A combination of calcium and at least one of oleuropein or metabolite thereof can be orally administered to an individual in an amount effective to achieve at least one result that is (i) improved mitochondrial calcium uptake in muscle cells, (ii) improved utilization of calcium in muscle cells, (iii) increased mitochondrial energy in muscle cells, (iv) improvement in at least one of muscle functionality, muscle performance, or muscle strength, (v) decreased muscle fatigue, (vi) increased mobility, and/or (vii) treatment of a muscle disorder linked to calcium depletion or deficiency. The individual can be at least one of an aging subject; an elderly subject; a subject with muscle fatigue or muscle weakness; a subject with impaired mobility; a frail subject; a pre-frail subject; a sarcopenic subject; a subject recovering from pre-frailty, frailty, sarcopenia or impaired mobility; a subject undergoing physical rehabilitation; a sportsman; or a pet.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

Provided is a novel gel-like food composition. The gel-like food composition contains 0.1 to 10 wt % of a free branched-chain amino acid, 1 to 12 wt % of a protein, and 10.sup.4/g to 10.sup.14/g of a probiotic.

Provided is a novel gel-like food composition. The gel-like food composition contains 0.1 to 10 wt % of a free branched-chain amino acid, 1 to 12 wt % of a protein, and 10.sup.4/g to 10.sup.14/g of a probiotic.