The oral supplements of the present invention utilize phenolic compounds in combination with creatine, choline, and trisodium citrate, wherein when taken together result in enhanced cellular permeation in comparison to cellular permeation in the absence of the other compounds of the combination leading to improved brain and/or physical functioning.

The oral supplements of the present invention utilize phenolic compounds in combination with creatine, choline, and trisodium citrate, wherein when taken together result in enhanced cellular permeation in comparison to cellular permeation in the absence of the other compounds of the combination leading to improved brain and/or physical functioning.

The present invention relates to a prebiotic composition, a composition for improving gut microorganisms, a composition for improving gut health or gut function, a composition for alleviating, preventing, or treating inflammatory bowel disease or leaky gut syndrome, or a composition for alleviating, preventing, or treating obesity or metabolic disease, which each comprise a molokhia extract or a molokhia polymer fraction as an active ingredient to induce the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and to improve, prevent, or treat gut heath or gut function. In addition, the composition comprising a molokhia extract or a molokhia polymer fraction as an active ingredient can alleviate, prevent, or treat bowel disease or leaky gut syndrome. Moreover, the composition of the present invention comprises a molokhia extract or a molokhia polymer fraction as an active ingredient that improves immunological activity as well as having anti-obesity activity, thereby not only treating obesity, but also alleviating, preventing, or treating obesity-induced metabolic diseases and as such, is very advantageous.

The present invention relates to a prebiotic composition, a composition for improving gut microorganisms, a composition for improving gut health or gut function, a composition for alleviating, preventing, or treating inflammatory bowel disease or leaky gut syndrome, or a composition for alleviating, preventing, or treating obesity or metabolic disease, which each comprise a molokhia extract or a molokhia polymer fraction as an active ingredient to induce the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and to improve, prevent, or treat gut heath or gut function. In addition, the composition comprising a molokhia extract or a molokhia polymer fraction as an active ingredient can alleviate, prevent, or treat bowel disease or leaky gut syndrome. Moreover, the composition of the present invention comprises a molokhia extract or a molokhia polymer fraction as an active ingredient that improves immunological activity as well as having anti-obesity activity, thereby not only treating obesity, but also alleviating, preventing, or treating obesity-induced metabolic diseases and as such, is very advantageous.

The present invention provides a food composition or pharmaceutical composition which includes, as an active ingredient, citric acid or a salt thereof. Ingestion or administration of the food composition or pharmaceutical composition leads to suppression of alcohol sickness or hangover due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an increase in blood alcohol level, an increase in blood acetaldehyde level, or an increase in blood acetic acid level due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of a decrease in blood pyruvic acid level due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an abnormal blood lactic acid/pyruvic acid ratio due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an increase in blood alcohol level immediately after alcohol ingestion; suppression of alcohol absorption; promotion of alcohol metabolism; or an increase in blood ornithine level, blood serotonin level, blood taurine level, blood cystine level, or blood nicotine amide level.

The present invention provides a food composition or pharmaceutical composition which includes, as an active ingredient, citric acid or a salt thereof. Ingestion or administration of the food composition or pharmaceutical composition leads to suppression of alcohol sickness or hangover due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an increase in blood alcohol level, an increase in blood acetaldehyde level, or an increase in blood acetic acid level due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of a decrease in blood pyruvic acid level due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an abnormal blood lactic acid/pyruvic acid ratio due to alcoholic beverage ingestion; suppression of an increase in blood alcohol level immediately after alcohol ingestion; suppression of alcohol absorption; promotion of alcohol metabolism; or an increase in blood ornithine level, blood serotonin level, blood taurine level, blood cystine level, or blood nicotine amide level.

A gummy composition including a gelatin; a pectin; a food-grade organic acid; and water, wherein the gummy composition has a pH of 3.1 to 3.45 or a °Brix range of 76 to 81, and wherein the gummy composition has a removal time of 30 minutes or less in a starchless mold. A method of manufacture of a gummy composition comprising at least one of a pH of 3.1 to 3.45 and a °Brix range of 76 to 81, and having a removal time of 30 minutes or less in a starchless mold, the method including forming a flowable composition of a gelation, a pectin, a food-grade organic acid and water; and depositing the flowable composition into a starchless mold.

A gummy composition including a gelatin; a pectin; a food-grade organic acid; and water, wherein the gummy composition has a pH of 3.1 to 3.45 or a °Brix range of 76 to 81, and wherein the gummy composition has a removal time of 30 minutes or less in a starchless mold. A method of manufacture of a gummy composition comprising at least one of a pH of 3.1 to 3.45 and a °Brix range of 76 to 81, and having a removal time of 30 minutes or less in a starchless mold, the method including forming a flowable composition of a gelation, a pectin, a food-grade organic acid and water; and depositing the flowable composition into a starchless mold.

Heat-treated, shelf-stable liquid nutritional compositions comprising whey protein and non-whey protein, and methods of producing and using these compositions. The compositions have a pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.0, a total protein content of at least about 6 g per 100 mL of the composition. The whey protein comprises or is provided by an ingredient that comprises heat-denaturable protein of which at least about 55% is present in a denatured state, and the non-whey protein comprises or consists of casein, or one or more non-dairy proteins, or casein and one or more non-dairy proteins.

Heat-treated, shelf-stable liquid nutritional compositions comprising whey protein and non-whey protein, and methods of producing and using these compositions. The compositions have a pH of from about 6.0 to about 8.0, a total protein content of at least about 6 g per 100 mL of the composition. The whey protein comprises or is provided by an ingredient that comprises heat-denaturable protein of which at least about 55% is present in a denatured state, and the non-whey protein comprises or consists of casein, or one or more non-dairy proteins, or casein and one or more non-dairy proteins.