A sensorless temperature sensing and control system and method uses electrical voltage and current feedback signals to monitor and control the temperature of heating elements used in a heat sealing process wherein sensors are not physically connected to a heat seal bar during the heat sealing process. After calibration of a heat seal bar using a sensor, voltage and current feedback signals are processed by a programmable logic controller (PLC) to calculate the real-time electrical resistance of each heating element. Data and electrical resistance is used to calculate real-time temperature of the heat seal bar during heating.

A process for packaging a product arranged on a support comprising unrolling a film, moving the film to a packaging assembly defining at its inside a packaging chamber, progressively moving a number of supports inside the packaging chamber of the packaging assembly, closing the packaging chamber with the film sheets held above the respective support, optionally causing one or both of: a gas withdrawal from the hermetically closed packaging chamber and gas injection of a gas mixture of controlled composition, heat sealing the film to said support, wherein the heat sealing uses one or more heaters having heating surfaces which are heated for discrete and short time periods only. An apparatus for performing the above process is also disclosed.

A process for packaging a product arranged on a support comprising unrolling a film, moving the film to a packaging assembly defining at its inside a packaging chamber, progressively moving a number of supports inside the packaging chamber of the packaging assembly, closing the packaging chamber with the film sheets held above the respective support, optionally causing one or both of: a gas withdrawal from the hermetically closed packaging chamber and gas injection of a gas mixture of controlled composition, heat sealing the film to said support, wherein the heat sealing uses one or more heaters having heating surfaces which are heated for discrete and short time periods only. An apparatus for performing the above process is also disclosed.

An electric heating device includes a control portion adapted to control electric energy supplied to a heater, based on a before-heating temperature, which is a temperature of at least one of an object, the heater and a heat dissipation portion before the heater generates heat, the control portion is adapted to calculate the temperature of the object, based on the before-heating temperature and the electric energy supplied to the heater.

A fill packaging machine includes a vertical sealing means for folding a packaging film at its central part and continuously forming a vertical sealed portion at its side edge part to shape into a cylinder, and a lateral sealing means for forming lateral sealed portions in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the packaging film. An easy separable sealed portion is continuously formed in the side edge part of the packaging film by the first vertical sealed portion forming section, and a vertical sealed portion having a partial non-sealed portion of a bottle mouth type is formed on the easy separable sealed portion by the second vertical sealed portion forming section. The first vertical sealed portion forming section is a pair of heat sealing rolls or heat sealing plates, a surface of at least one of which is made from an elastic material softer than a metal.

The invention relates to a sealing body, where heat-producing elements of a heating element are contacted from the rear side thereof. Other aspects relate to a sealing body where the site of the heat production and the site of the heat dissipation (i.e. the point of action) are as close to each other as possible. Other aspects relate to a sealing body comprising a heat element with a built-in temperature sensor. Other aspects relate to a sealing body with a defined sealing contour. Other aspects relate to a sealing body having a three-dimensionally structured contact surface. Other aspects relate to a sealing body with a circular, annular, or strip-type heat element. Other aspects relate to a sealing body with built-in electronic circuits. Other aspects relate to a sealing body that can cool the heating element as required. Other aspects relate to a sealing body that can suck up the material to be welded.

A polar functional group is added onto a surface of a metallic member. A resin member contains an adhesive functional group. The adhesive functional group and the polar functional group attract each other. A method for joining the metallic member and the resin member to each other includes: heating a junction between the metallic member and the resin member while pressing the metallic member and the resin member against each other with a first load; maintaining temperature of the junction higher than melting temperature of a resin that structures the resin member while pressing the metallic member and the resin member with each other with a second load smaller than the first load; and cooling the junction to temperature lower than the melting temperature while pressing the metallic member and the resin member against each other with a third load larger than the second load.

The present invention provides an apparatus for producing and putting on gloves capable of producing gloves that fit an individual hand shape and also putting the glove on the hands, and a method for producing and putting on gloves. The apparatus for producing and putting on gloves comprises welding and cutting means which welds and cuts a first elastic film and a second elastic film at a position on the outer side of a contour of a user's hand in a state in which the user's hand is sandwiched between the first elastic film and the second elastic film.

A pipe joining material for connecting pipes and fittings and a method of making a pipe joining material are provided. The pipe joining material may include a thermoplastic material such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and/or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) and a bonding agent for the thermoplastic material.

The invention first relates to a method for welding at least two parts comprising a thermoplastic material and having respective surfaces to be welded, comprising: inserting an insert between the surfaces to be welded of the two parts; generating heat via said insert; wherein the insert moves in relation to the parts to be welded in a welding direction. The invention also relates to an installation adapted for implementation of this method.