Molecules secreted or derived from probiotic bacteria are provided for use in compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of infection by pathogenic viruses. The isolated secreted molecules can also be used in nutritional or medical food products which provide probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal.

A composition for preventing, alleviating or treating a neurodegenerative disease, which contains Pediococcus inopinatus as an active ingredient. The Pediococcus inopinatus strain can suppress neuroinflammation and can also alleviate the symptoms of ataxia in an animal model of Parkinson's disease and, thus, can be utilized for the prevention, alleviation and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.

A composition for preventing, alleviating or treating a neurodegenerative disease, which contains Pediococcus inopinatus as an active ingredient. The Pediococcus inopinatus strain can suppress neuroinflammation and can also alleviate the symptoms of ataxia in an animal model of Parkinson's disease and, thus, can be utilized for the prevention, alleviation and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron or an extract thereof for use in the prevention or treatment of an infection in a subject who is immunodepressed, who is immunosuppressed, who has an immature immune system, and/or who has a weakness, and in which the composition comprises at most six species of bacteria and/or extracts thereof. The infections concerned are mainly intestinal infections, in particular those which affect non-human mammals and/or humans.

Molecules secreted or derived from probiotic bacteria are provided for use in compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of infection by pathogenic viruses. The isolated secreted molecules can also be used in nutritional or medical food products which provide probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal.

Molecules secreted or derived from probiotic bacteria are provided for use in compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of infection by pathogenic viruses. The isolated secreted molecules can also be used in nutritional or medical food products which provide probiotics to the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal.

The present invention relates generally to the field of enhancing skin appearance. One aspect of the invention aims to provide a composition comprising 4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid for use in the reduction or prevention of regions of the skin with darker pigmentation. The present invention also relates to cosmetic use of a composition comprising 4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid for the reduction or prevention of regions of the skin with darker pigmentation.

The present invention relates generally to the field of enhancing skin appearance. One aspect of the invention aims to provide a composition comprising 4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid for use in the reduction or prevention of regions of the skin with darker pigmentation. The present invention also relates to cosmetic use of a composition comprising 4-oxo-2-pentenoic acid for the reduction or prevention of regions of the skin with darker pigmentation.

A nutrient composition comprises an essential nutrient in which at least one exchangeable H atom is .sup.2H and/or at least one C atom is .sup.13C. The nutrient is thus protected from, inter alia, active oxygen species.

A nutrient composition comprises an essential nutrient in which at least one exchangeable H atom is .sup.2H and/or at least one C atom is .sup.13C. The nutrient is thus protected from, inter alia, active oxygen species.