The invention relates to glazing (1) comprising a first glazing sheet (10; 10A, 10B) forming a substrate on which at least one film of an electrochemical system (12) is formed, said system having optical and/or energy-related properties that are electrically controllable, a second glazing sheet (14) forming a counter-substrate, and a third glazing sheet (18). The substrate has characteristics that allow it to be obtained by being cut from a motherboard on which motherboard at least one film or the electro-chemical system (12) is formed. The substrate is located between the counter-substrate (14) and the third glazing sheet (18) and is set back relative to the counter-substrate (14) and relative to the third glazing sheet (18) over the entire circumference of the substrate (10; 10A, 10B).

A polyvinyl acetal resin film, having an average surface roughness Rz of at least one surface of 3.0 μm or less; a birefringence Δn of 3.0×10.sup.−4 or less; and an average thickness of 200 μm or less.

Provided are methods of forming stacks comprising a substrate and one or more sol-gel layers disposed on the substrate. Also provided are stacks formed by these methods. The sol-gel layers in these stacks, especially outer layers, may have a porosity of less than 1% or even less than 0.5%. In some embodiments, these layers may have a surface roughness (R.sub.a) of less than 1 nanometers. The sol-gel layers may be formed using radiative curing and/or thermal curing at temperatures of between 400° C. and 700° C. or higher. These temperatures allow application of sol-gel layers on new types of substrates. A sol-gel solution, used to form these layers, may have colloidal nanoparticles with a size of less than 20 Angstroms on average. This small size and narrow size distribution is believed to control the porosity of the resulting sol-gel layers.

A laminated glass includes a first glass sheet, an electrically powered functional film, a reflective element to reflect infrared radiation, disposed between the first glass sheet and the functional film, at least one first thermoplastic interlayer disposed between the reflecting element and the functional film, and a second glass sheet. The laminated glass includes at least one interlayer including a zone that is opaque to radiation in the visible wavelength.

The described embodiments relate generally to asymmetric liquid crystal panels with improved properties and tailored characteristics, including insulated glazing units and liquid crystal windows incorporating such panels. A liquid crystal cell having thin glass is incorporated into an asymmetric thin liquid crystal panel comprising a pane bonded to the first sheet of the liquid crystal cell via an adhesive layer bonding the first sheet to the pane wherein the liquid crystal material is controllable to adjust a transmittance of the liquid crystal panel.

A low-E (low emissivity) coating includes a multilayer overcoat designed for reducing fingerprints. The multilayer overcoat includes a layer comprising an oxide of zirconium (e.g., ZrO.sub.2) sandwiched between and contacting first and second layers of or including silicon nitride (e.g., Si.sub.3N.sub.4, SiO.sub.xN.sub.y, SiZrO.sub.xN.sub.y, or the like). The uppermost layer comprising silicon nitride modifies the surface energy of the layer comprising the oxide of zirconium so as to make the uppermost surface of the coating more hydrophilic, thereby reducing or minimizing interaction between zirconium oxide and finger oil to reduce fingerprints on the uppermost surface of the coating.

A laminated glass provided in an automobile door panel including two panel boards facing each other and seal members provided on facing surfaces of the panel boards at regions along a beltline, the laminated glass being openable and closable by being provided between the two panel boards so as to slide between the seal members, the laminated glass includes: a laminated glass main body including at least two glass plates and an interlayer film sandwiched between the glass plates and having a storage modulus G of 1.5×10.sup.6 Pa or more; and a viscoelastic member provided on a surface of the laminated glass main body, the viscoelastic member abutting on the seal member or the panel board and sealing a gap between the seal member or the panel board and the laminated glass main body, at a closed time of the laminated glass.

An electrical contact composite is described. The electrical contact composite has a substrate and an electrically conductive coating applied to the substrate, which coating is connected to an electrode. A metal contact element is connected to the electrode, which contact element is used to connect the conductive coating to a current/voltage source. Furthermore, at least one sprayed layer produced by means of a thermal spraying method, in particular gas dynamic cold spray, and is provided with at least one metal and/or metal alloy, the sprayed layer being arranged between the conductive coating and the contact element. The sprayed layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion that is between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the carrier and of the contact element. The sprayed layer can also be used as the electrode for the conductive coating.

There is provided laminated glass superior in sound insulating property and visibility. The laminated glass includes: a pair of glass plates; and an intermediate film sandwiched between the pair of glass plates. The intermediate film has a transmitting region and a shielding region. The transmitting region has a skin layer having a glass transition point of 15° C. or higher and a core layer having a glass transition point of lower than 15° C. alternately laminated. The number of the core layers is two or more in the transmitting region. The shielding region is provided at peripheries of the pair of glass plates and has a visible light transmittance of 3% or less.

An improved glazing unit extending along a plane, P, defined by a longitudinal axis, X, and a vertical axis, Z; having a width, DW, measured along the longitudinal axis, X, and a length, DL, measured along the vertical axis, Z, including a glass panel, a housing able to accommodate a communication device and an opening arranged on the glass panel. The present invention also discloses a communication system including a glazing unit, at least a 4G and/or 5G signal communication unit and a provider fixed station or active or passive repeater, which is placed at least at 1 m outside from the glazing unit, wherein the 4G and/or 5G signal communication unit is fixed to the glazing unit at the opposite side from the provider fixed station or active or passive repeater.