A pre-fractured glass laminate that includes: a glass substrate comprising a thickness, a pair of opposed primary surfaces, a compressive stress region, a central tension (CT) region and a plurality of cracks; a second phase comprising a polymer or a cured resin within the plurality of cracks; a backing layer; and an interlayer disposed between one of the primary surfaces of the substrate and the backing layer. The compressive stress region extends from each of the primary surfaces to a first selected depth in the substrate. Further, the plurality of cracks is located in the CT region.

A laminated glass according to the present invention includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and an interlayer film. The interlayer film includes a laminated region including a first layer that is in contact with the first glass plate, a second layer that is in contact with the second glass plate, and a third layer disposed between the first layer and the second layer. When the relative dielectric constant of the first glass plate is denoted by ε.sub.g1, the relative dielectric constant of the second glass plate is denoted by ε.sub.g2, the relative dielectric constant of the first layer is denoted by ε.sub.m1, the relative dielectric constant of the second layer is denoted by ε.sub.m2, and the relative dielectric constant of the third layer is denoted by ε.sub.m3, relationships ε.sub.m1<ε.sub.g1, ε.sub.m1<ε.sub.g2, ε.sub.m2<ε.sub.g1, ε.sub.m2<ε.sub.g2, ε.sub.m3>ε.sub.m1, ε.sub.m3>ε.sub.m2 are established.

Disclosed is a multilayer panel, comprising: a center layer comprising graphene, wherein the center layer comprises a first surface and an opposing second surface; a first polymer layer deposited on the first surface of the center layer and a second polymer layer deposited on the second surface of the center layer; and a first glass layer deposited on an outer surface of the first polymer layer and a second glass layer deposited on an outer surface of the second polymer layer; wherein the first polymer layer, the second polymer layer, or any combination(s) thereof comprise carbon filler.

An interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention comprises a thermoplastic resin, a carboxylic acid, and an alkali (alkaline earth) metal, wherein, when a molar concentration per unit volume of the alkali (alkaline earth) metal in the interlayer film for laminated glass, measured by ICP atomic emission spectrophotometry is A (mol/m.sup.3); a molar concentration per unit volume of the carboxylic acid in the interlayer film for laminated glass, measured by GC-MS is B (mol/m.sup.3); a molar concentration per unit volume of the carboxylic acid in the interlayer film for laminated glass, measured by GC-MS after a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is added to the interlayer film for laminated glass to be left at 23° C. for 12 hours is Y; and a molar concentration per unit volume of the carboxylic acid, obtained by subtracting the molar concentration B from the concentration Y is D (mol/m.sup.3), the molar concentration A is more than 0.35 mol/m.sup.3 and less than 1.00 mol/m.sup.3, and a carboxylic acid isolation ratio (1) represented by (1−D/A)×100 is 40% or less.

An electrochromic device includes a light transmissive first substrate, a working electrode disposed on the first substrate, a light transmissive second substrate facing the first substrate, a counter electrode disposed on the second substrate, and a lithium-rich anti-perovskite (LiRAP) material disposed between the first and second substrates. The LiRAP material includes an ionically conductive and electrically insulating LiRAP material.

An interlayer film for laminated glass includes a first layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer; and a second layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer, wherein the second layer is laminated on a first surface of the first layer, wherein a concentration of hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the first layer is different from a concentration of hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal resin in the second layer, and wherein at least one of the first layer, the second layer, or a portion of an interface between the first layer and the second layer contains a filler.

An interlayer film for laminated glass having a one-layer structure or a two or more-layer structure includes a first layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin and a plasticizer, wherein the first layer further contains silica particles, and the ratio of a content of the silica particles in the first layer to a total content of the polyvinyl acetal resin and the plasticizer in the first layer is from 0.03 to 0.4.

Heat ray shielding fine particles, heat ray shielding fine particle dispersion liquid, heat ray shielding film, heat ray shielding glass, heat ray shielding dispersion body, and heat ray shielding laminated transparent substrate that exhibit heat ray shielding properties and suppress scorching sensation on skin when employed in window materials and the like, also enable usage of communication devices, imaging devices, sensors, etc. that employ near-infrared light across these structures. The particles are composite tungsten oxide fine particles having a heat ray shielding function; and when a visible light transmittance is 85% when computed for light absorption by the particles alone, the average value of transmittance in the wavelength region from 800 nm to 900 nm is 30%-60%, and the average value of transmittance in the wavelength region from 1200 nm to 1500 nm is 20% or lower, and the transmittance at a wavelength of 2100 nm is 22% or lower.

An interlayer film for a laminated glass, containing in sequence an A layer, a C layer, and an A layer, and also containing a B layer at any place between or outside these layers, wherein each A layer contains a first thermoplastic resin, a resin material constituting each A layer has a tan δ peak of −30° C. to 10° C., the resin material of at least one layer of the A layers has a peak height of a tan δ of 1.5 or more, the B layer contains a second thermoplastic resin, and is constituted of a resin material different from the resin material constituting the A layer, and the C layer is a layer composed of an inorganic glass having a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, or a layer having a thickness of 0.25 mm to 2.5 mm and containing a third thermoplastic resin.

There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass which is high in heat shielding properties. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention includes an infrared ray reflection layer which reflects infrared rays, a first resin layer which is arranged on a first surface side of the infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin and a second resin layer which is arranged on a second surface side of the infrared ray reflection layer and contains a thermoplastic resin, and the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the first resin layer is higher by 10% or more than the infrared ray transmittance in the wavelength of 780 to 2100 nm of the second resin layer.