A heterogeneous integration chip of a micro fluid actuator is disclosed and includes a first substrate, a first insulation layer, a first conductive layer, a piezoelectric layer, a second conductive layer, a second substrate, a control element, a perforated trench and a conductor. The first substrate includes a first chamber. The first insulation layer is disposed on the first substrate. The first conductive layer is disposed on the first insulation layer and includes an electrode pad. The piezoelectric layer and the second conductive layer are stacked on the first conductive layer sequentially. The second substrate is assembled to the first substrate through a bonding layer to define a second chamber and includes an orifice, a fluid flowing channel and a third chamber. The control element is disposed in the second substrate. The perforated trench filled with the conductor is penetrated from the electrode pad to the second substrate.

An ink jet recording apparatus is provided with a conveying unit, a drive roller controller and a discharge timing controller. The drive roller controller controls a rotation speed of a drive roller based on pulse signals output by an encoder and corresponding to an angular velocity of a driven roller and an actual outer diameter of the driven roller. The discharge timing controller controls an ink discharge timing based on signals obtained by attenuating multiple frequency components of a target frequency corresponding to a pulse number of the pulse signals output from the encoder during one turn of the driven roller in the pulse signals and an actual outer diameter of the driven roller.

A liquid ejection recording element unit includes: a first substrate provided with a first partition wall that demarcates a first flow channel including an ejection port of a liquid, and an energy generating portion that generates energy for ejecting the liquid from the first flow channel; and a second substrate provided with a second partition wall that demarcates a second flow channel including a supply port of the liquid, the second substrate being stacked on the first substrate, so that the second flow channel communicates with the first flow channel. The first partition wall and the second partition wall are contiguous across a predetermined gap, in the stacking direction of the first substrate and the second substrate. A hydraulic diameter of the gap is smaller than a hydraulic diameter of a smallest flow channel portion having a minimum flow channel cross-sectional area in the first flow channel.

A liquid discharging head includes a nozzle plate having a plurality of nozzles from which liquid is discharged; a plurality of individual liquid chambers that are communicably connected to the plurality of nozzles, respectively; a common liquid chamber that supplies liquid to the plurality of individual liquid chambers; and a circulation common liquid chamber that leads to a plurality of circulation channels. A part of the common liquid chamber overlaps the circulation common liquid chamber from a direction in which liquid is discharged from the nozzles, and another part of the common liquid chamber overlaps the circulation common liquid chamber from a direction orthogonal to both the direction in which liquid is discharged from the nozzles and a direction in which the nozzles are aligned.

There are provided an inkjet head, an inkjet image forming apparatus, a nozzle plate manufacturing method, and an inkjet head manufacturing method capable of improving durability against wiping on an ink discharge surface. The inkjet head includes a nozzle substrate including nozzle holes from which ink is discharged. The nozzle substrate has an irregularity structure formed on an ink discharge surface such that neither ink particles contained in the ink nor a wiping member that wipes the ink discharge surface get caught by the irregularity structure.

Provided is a liquid discharging apparatus including a container containing a liquid composition containing water, an organic solvent, and a polyurethane resin, and a discharging head. The discharging head includes: an individual liquid chamber including a circulation flow path through which the liquid composition circulates; and a nozzle communicating with the individual liquid chamber and through which a liquid droplet of the liquid composition is discharged. The solid content of the polyurethane resin in the liquid composition is 7.0% by mass or greater but 20.0% by mass or less.

An embodiment of the present invention provides an inkjet head including: a head body having a storage chamber capable of storing ink; a first inlet pipe and a second inlet pipe connected to the head body and which extend in first different directions and inject the ink in the first different directions; a first outlet pipe and a second outlet pipe connected to the head body and which extend in second different directions and eject the ink in the second different directions; and a nozzle plate positioned under the head body and which includes a plurality of nozzles.

A liquid discharge head includes: a nozzle plate having multiple nozzles from each of which a liquid is to be discharged; a first substrate including multiple pressure chambers respectively communicating with the multiple nozzles; and a second substrate including: a common channel communicating with the multiple pressure chambers, the common channel extending in a longitudinal direction of the second substrate; and a reinforcement in the common channel, the reinforcement intersecting the longitudinal direction.

A liquid ejecting head includes a nozzle configured to eject ink, a filter chamber accommodating a filter, and a nozzle introduction port through which the ink flows out of the filter chamber. The filter chamber includes a first side and a second side that extend toward the nozzle introduction port in plan view in a direction perpendicular to the filter, and the nozzle introduction port is elongated along the first side in plan view in the direction perpendicular to the filter.

A liquid discharging head includes a nozzle plate having a plurality of nozzles from which liquid is discharged; a plurality of individual liquid chambers that are communicably connected to the plurality of nozzles, respectively; a common liquid chamber that supplies liquid to the plurality of individual liquid chambers; and a circulation common liquid chamber that leads to a plurality of circulation channels. A part of the common liquid chamber overlaps the circulation common liquid chamber from a direction in which liquid is discharged from the nozzles, and another part of the common liquid chamber overlaps the circulation common liquid chamber from a direction orthogonal to both the direction in which liquid is discharged from the nozzles and a direction in which the nozzles are aligned.