A fluid ejection assembly may include a fluid ejection die comprising a back face and a front face through which fluid is ejected. The fluid ejection die may further include a fan-out fluid passages converging towards the back face of the fluid ejection die, the fan-out fluid passages comprising a first fan-out fluid passage and a second fan-out fluid passage and a recirculation channel extending within a polymeric material from the first fan-out fluid passage to the second fan-out fluid passage adjacent the back face of the fluid ejection die.

A first active region is made of a piezoelectric overlaps a midsection of a pressure chamber when viewed in plan through a pressure applying surface. A second active region is made of a piezoelectric member closer than the first active region to the pressure applying surface. The second active region extends over both a peripheral section of the pressure chamber and an outer region located outside the pressure chamber when viewed in plan through the pressure applying surface. A driver controls intensity of a first electric field applied to the first active region and intensity of a second electric field applied to the second active region such that the time period over which the first active region contracts and the time period over which the second active region contracts overlap or coincide with each other. The first electric field is more intense than the second electric field.

There is provided image formation method for forming image on medium by discharging liquid from head having nozzles arranged in first direction and actuators corresponding respectively to the nozzles. The method includes: discharging the liquid onto the medium from the nozzles by applying first voltage to the actuators while performing relative displacement between the head and the medium in second direction intersecting the first direction; and applying second voltage higher than the first voltage to actuator, of the actuators, corresponding to correction nozzle, based on information identifying discharge defect nozzle being a nozzle, of the nozzles, unable to discharge the liquid normally, the correction nozzle being a nozzle, of the nozzles, adjacent to the discharge defect nozzle in the first direction.

A liquid discharging head is provided with: individual channels; a first common channel; and a second common channel. The individual channels include: first individual channels which have first pressure chambers and which are aligned in a second direction to form a first individual channel array, and second individual channels which have second pressure chambers and which are aligned in the second direction to form a second individual channel array; the first individual channel array and the second individual channel array are arranged in a third direction. The first common channel communicates with both of the first individual channels and the second individual channels; and the first pressure chambers and the second pressure chambers do not overlap with the second common channel in a first direction, and do not overlap with each other in the second direction.

A liquid discharge apparatus includes an individual flow passage member; and a common flow passage member joined to the individual flow passage member in a first direction. The individual flow passage member has nozzle groups formed on a surface on a side opposite to the common flow passage member and connecting hole groups formed on a surface on a side of the common flow passage member; and the common flow passage member has manifold flow passages corresponding to the connecting hole groups respectively. Each of the nozzle groups includes nozzles aligned in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction; and each of the connecting hole groups includes connecting holes aligned in the second direction and connected to the nozzles respectively. Each of the manifold flow passages extends in the second direction and is connected to the nozzles via the connecting holes.

A liquid discharge head includes a head body, a plurality of driver ICs, a flexible substrate, and a wiring board. The head body includes a discharge hole configured to discharge a liquid. The plurality of driver ICs controls drive of the head body. The plurality of driver ICs are mounted at the flexible substrate, and the flexible substrate is electrically connected to the head body. The wiring board includes a plurality of connectors. In addition, the flexible substrate includes: a plurality of protruding portions configured to protrude in the same direction and each including a tip portion to be inserted into corresponding one of the plurality of connectors; and a slit formed between the protruding portions adjacent to each other and extending up to a region between the driver ICs adjacent to each other.

A fluid ejection die may include a fluid actuator, a substrate supporting the fluid actuator, a chamber layer supported by the substrate and a bypass passage in the substrate. The substrate may include a closed inlet channel having an inlet opening for connection to an outlet of a fluid source and an outlet channel having an outlet opening of a first size for connection to an inlet of the fluid source. The chamber layer includes a recirculation passage to supply fluid for ejection by the fluid actuator through an ejection orifice and to circulate fluid across the fluid actuator from the closed inlet channel to the outlet channel. The bypass passage is of a second size less than the first size and connects the inlet channel to the inlet of the fluid source while bypassing any fluid actuator provided for ejecting fluid through an ejection orifice.

A liquid jetting apparatus includes: a liquid jetting head having: a plurality of kinds of individual channels, a jetting surface formed with a plurality of kinds of nozzles from which a plurality of kinds of liquids are jetted, respectively, a plurality of kinds of inflow channels, a plurality of kinds of outflow channels; valves provided at least on the plurality of kinds of inflow channels; a wiper configured to be movable relative to the liquid jetting head in a direction along the jetting surface; a first motor configured to move the liquid jetting head and the wiper relative to each other; and a controller. The controller executes a wiping by driving the first motor in a state that the valves are closed.

The head system includes: a plurality of heads disposed staggered along a first direction; a sub-tank disposed above the heads and configured to distribute a liquid to each of the heads; a plurality of liquid channels; a chiller configured to cool the heads, including a manifold disposed between the heads and the sub-tank in an up-down direction; and a casing having a pair of inner surfaces opposed to each other in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and the up-down direction. Each of the liquid channels extends linearly parallel to the up-down direction in an entire region between the sub-tank and one of the heads. Each of the plurality of liquid channels and the manifold are aligned in the second direction between the pair of inner surfaces of the casing.

A liquid discharge head of the present disclosure includes a flow path member having a plurality of discharge holes, a plurality of pressure chambers, a plurality of first common flow paths, a plurality of second common flow paths, and a plurality of pressure sections. The first common flow paths and the second common flow paths are linked through a connection flow path outside a connection range C, the connection range C being linked through the pressure chambers. The flow path member is configured by laminating a plurality of flat plates. The connection flow path includes holes and/or grooves disposed in plates other than the common flow path plates that constitute the first common flow paths and the second common flow paths.