A liquid discharge head comprising a substrate comprising a liquid feeding port and an energy generating element for liquid discharge, and a flow channel member comprising, on the substrate, a discharge port through which a liquid is discharged and a liquid flow channel communicating with both the liquid feeding port and the discharge port, wherein the flow channel member comprises a flow channel member (1) not comprising a surface in contact with the liquid and a flow channel member (2) comprising a surface in contact with the liquid, a film stress S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 of the flow channel members (1) and (2), respectively, satisfy S.sub.1<S.sub.2, a film thickness L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 of the flow channel member (1) and (2), respectively, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, satisfy L.sub.1<L.sub.2, and satisfying 470 MPa.Math.μm<[L.sub.1×S.sub.1+(L.sub.2−L.sub.1)×S.sub.2]<1200 MPa.Math.μm.

A printing head for inkjet printing comprises: a manifold having a channel for holding material formulation therein; and an array of controllable nozzles fluidly connected to the channel for dispensing the material formulation by inkjet technology. In an embodiment, the array of nozzles is characterized by a pitch that varies along the array. In an embodiment, the nozzles are arranged over a curved line engaging a horizontal plane.

A liquid discharge head includes a discharge port array having a plurality of discharge ports and a supply port array having a plurality of supply ports. The discharge port array and the supply port array extend from a first to a second end of the liquid discharge head. The plurality of discharge ports includes a first-end discharge port closest to the first end and a second-end discharge port closest to the second end. The plurality of supply ports includes a first-end supply port closest to the first end and a second-end supply port closest to the second end. Seen from a position facing openings of the plurality of discharge ports, an end of an opening of the first-end supply port adjacent to the first end is at a position nearer to the first end than an end of an opening of the first-end discharge port adjacent to the first end.

A liquid ejecting head includes a driving substrate including a driving element configured to, in response to a signal from an external controller, expand or contract so that a liquid is discharged from a pressure chamber through a nozzle, and a connection portion connecting the driving element to a wiring substrate connectable to the external controller; a sealing member that covers the connection portion and a part of the wiring substrate; and a mask plate partially covering a part of the driving substrate including the connection portion and contacting the sealing member.

Printheads for a jetting apparatus. In one embodiment, a printhead comprises a plurality of nozzles configured to eject a print fluid. Each nozzle is comprised of a first converging section having a cross-sectional area that decreases in a flow direction of the print fluid through the nozzle, a neck adjoining the first converging section and having a cross-sectional area that is uniform in the flow direction of the print fluid through the nozzle, and a second converging section adjoining the neck and having a cross-sectional area that decreases in the flow direction of the print fluid through the nozzle.

A liquid ejection head includes a substrate provided with an energy-generating element, an ejection orifice forming member that is formed on the substrate and includes an ejection orifice from which liquid is ejected, a reinforcing rib provided in the ejection orifice forming member, and a recess that is formed in the substrate and forms a part of a flow path of liquid, wherein the reinforcing rib is disposed in the inside of the recess.

A liquid ejection head includes a nozzle including an ejection port for ejecting a liquid for performing recording on a recording medium, and a pressure chamber in which an energy generating element that generates energy used for ejecting the liquid from the ejection port is disposed; and a heating unit that heats the liquid. In the liquid ejection head, the liquid in the pressure chamber is circulated to and from the outside of the pressure chamber, and an average number of preliminary ejections per nozzle during an operation period in which the recording is performed is equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 20.

A liquid discharge apparatus includes a liquid container and a liquid discharge head. The liquid container is configured to contain liquid. The liquid discharge head is configured to discharge the liquid. The liquid discharge head includes a nozzle row in which a plurality of nozzles are aligned. The nozzle row includes a first region in which nozzles are aligned at a first nozzle pitch, a second region in which nozzles are aligned at a second nozzle pitch larger than the first nozzle pitch, and a third region in which nozzles are arranged at a third nozzle pitch smaller than the first nozzle pitch. A volume of the liquid discharged from the second region is larger than a volume of the liquid discharged from the first region. A volume of the liquid discharged from the third region is smaller than the volume of the liquid discharged from the first region.

A liquid discharge head comprising a substrate comprising a liquid feeding port and an energy generating element for liquid discharge, and a flow channel member comprising, on the substrate, a discharge port through which a liquid is discharged and a liquid flow channel communicating with both the liquid feeding port and the discharge port, wherein the flow channel member comprises a flow channel member (1) not comprising a surface in contact with the liquid and a flow channel member (2) comprising a surface in contact with the liquid, a film stress S.sub.1 and S.sub.2 of the flow channel members (1) and (2), respectively, satisfy S.sub.1<S.sub.2, a film thickness L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 of the flow channel member (1) and (2), respectively, in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, satisfy L.sub.1<L.sub.2, and satisfying 470 MPa.Math.μm<[L.sub.1×S.sub.1+(L.sub.2−L.sub.1)×S.sub.2]<1200 MPa.Math.μm.

A fluid ejection device can include a nozzle plate incorporating a non-coplanar surface. The non-coplanar surface can include a hydrophilic region of a hydrophilic material having a water contact angle from about 50° to about 90° and a hydrophobic coating including a hydrophobic material having a water contact angle from about 91° to about 160°.