In one example, a vent includes multiple parts each having a different resistivity to passing a gas. The parts are arranged so that the gas may pass through all parts simultaneously as long as the parts remain permeable to the gas.

According to one embodiment, a liquid ejection head includes a substrate with an opening through which a first liquid can pass. An actuator is on a first side of the substrate and has a plurality of pressure chambers. A manifold is on a second side of the substrate. The manifold forms a first flow path for a second fluid. The liquid ejection head has first electrode with portions formed on an upper surface of the actuator, a surface on the first side of the substrate, an inner wall of the opening, and a surface on the second side of the substrate in a region outside the first flow path.

A liquid jetting apparatus includes: individual channels; and a manifold commonly provided for the individual channels. Each of the individual channels has: a nozzle; a pressure chamber arranged away from the nozzle in a predetermined direction to extend along a plane orthogonal to the predetermined direction and connected to the manifold, a connecting channel connected to the pressure chamber to form at least a part of a channel communicating the pressure chamber and the nozzle, and a circulation channel connected to the connecting channel to form a part of a channel communicating the connecting channel and the pressure chamber. The connecting channel has a throttle, and the throttle has a smaller diameter along the plane orthogonal to the predetermined direction than a diameter, of a part of the connecting channel except the throttle, along the plane orthogonal to the predetermined direction.

Methods and systems for Laser-Induced Forward Transfer are disclosed in which a microfluidic chip is used as the printing head. The head comprises a transparent upper region, a middle region comprising an intermediate layer channel and an ink channel in fluid connection with said intermediate layer channel, and a lower layer with an orifice in fluid contact with the ink channel. When material in the intermediate layer channel is irradiated by an energy source (typically a pulsed laser) at a spot opposite the orifice, the material is partially evaporated, creating a vapor bubble that creates a transient pressure increase when it collapses, thereby forcing ink out of the orifice and onto a receiving substrate.

A drop ejection system includes a working fluid source containing a working fluid, an ink source containing an ink that is immiscible with the working fluid, and at least one drop ejector array module. Each drop ejector array module includes a substrate and an array of drop ejectors disposed on the substrate. Each drop ejector includes a nozzle; an ink inlet connected to the ink source; a working fluid inlet connected to the working fluid source; a pressure chamber in fluidic communication with the nozzle, the ink inlet, and the working fluid inlet; and a heating element configured to selectively vaporize a portion of the working fluid to pressurize the pressure chamber for ejecting ink drops through the nozzle.

A liquid ejection head includes a flow path substrate, a first plate having a nozzle, and a second plate. A flow path substrate includes a first communication path which passes through a flow path substrate in a thickness direction and has an opening on each of a first plate side and a second plate side, and a second communication path communicating with an opening on a first plate side of a first communication path at a first plate side and extending on the second plate side. A pressure chamber communicating with a first communication path and a first flow path through which a liquid flows into a pressure chamber are formed by a part of a second plate and a part of a flow path substrate.

A liquid-ejecting-apparatus includes a nozzle that ejects liquid with a viscosity of 50 mPa.Math.s or higher; a pressure-chamber communicating with the nozzle; a pressure-change-portion that changes a pressure of the liquid in the pressure-chamber; and a controller that controls the pressure-change-portion. The controller executes first control of decreasing the pressure of the liquid in the pressure-chamber, hence pulling a center portion of a meniscus toward the pressure-chamber, and forming a liquid-membrane with the liquid at an inner-wall-surface of the nozzle; and second control of, in a state in which the liquid-membrane is formed at the inner-wall-surface of the nozzle, increasing the pressure of the liquid in the pressure-chamber, hence inverting a shape of the center portion of the meniscus to a protruding shape protruding toward an opening of the nozzle and forming a liquid-column, and further, ejecting the liquid-column so as not to contact the liquid membrane.

A liquid-ejecting-apparatus includes a nozzle that ejects liquid; a pressure-chamber-communicating with the nozzle; a pressure-change-portion that changes a pressure of the liquid in the pressure-chamber; and a controller that controls the pressure-change-portion. The controller executes first control of decreasing the pressure of the liquid in the pressure-chamber, hence pulling a center portion of a meniscus of the liquid in the nozzle toward the pressure-chamber, and forming a liquid-membrane with the liquid at an inner-wall-surface of the nozzle; and second control of, in a state in which the liquid-membrane is formed at the inner-wall-surface of the nozzle, increasing the pressure of the liquid in the pressure-chamber, hence inverting a shape of the center portion of the meniscus to a protruding shape protruding toward an opening of the nozzle and forming a liquid-column, and further, ejecting the liquid-column so as not to contact the liquid-membrane.

A fluid containing member includes a first containing chamber that contains a first fluid, and a second containing chamber that contains a second fluid. The first containing chamber and the second containing chamber are separated from each other by a first separation film on a side of the first containing chamber and a second separation film on a side of the second containing chamber. The first separation film and the second separation film are partly connected to each other or partly contact each other so as to move together in accordance with a change in an internal pressure of the first containing chamber or an internal pressure of the second containing chamber.

A liquid ejection head includes an ejection port configured to eject liquid, a liquid reservoir portion configured to supply the liquid to the ejection port, and a pressure adjustment chamber configured to communicate with the liquid reservoir portion. The pressure adjustment chamber includes an elastic deformation portion configured so that an inner volume thereof can be changed according to a gas pressure and a support portion configured to support the elastic deformation portion on the liquid reservoir portion. An area between the elastic deformation portion and the support portion has higher rigidity than the elastic deformation portion.