Provided is a thermal print head including: a substrate having a convex part thereon; a wiring layer over the convex part; a heat storage layer over the wiring layer; a heating resistive part that is formed over the heat storage layer and is arranged along a main scanning direction; a first electrode in contact with the heating resistive part on one side in a sub-scanning direction; a second electrode in contact with the heating resistive part on another side in the sub-scanning direction; and a connection wiring formed in an opening that passes through the heating resistive part and the heat storage layer and reaches the wiring layer, in which the first electrode is electrically connected to the wiring layer via the connection wiring.

A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A skewness Rsk of the protective layer is larger than 0. Further, A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is larger than 3.

A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is smaller than 3. A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a skewness Rsk of the protective layer is smaller than 0.

A printer printing an image on a print medium based on print data including print dot data for each of print lines. The printer includes a print head including heating elements arranged along a direction of the print lines, and a controller finding the number of print dots on each print line and determining a first or second control mode as a control mode of the heating elements for printing each print line based on the found number of print dots. In the first control mode, the heating elements are divided into first groups including two or more adjacent heating elements and are heated at a different timing. In the second control mode, the heating elements are divided into second groups including two or more heating elements with at least two thereof spaced apart and are heated at a different timing.

The present disclosure includes a method of fabricating a thermal ink jet printhead including depositing a first metal layer having a thickness to form a power bus, deposing a first dielectric layer, forming a via in the first dielectric layer to connect the first metal layer to a second metal layer, depositing the second metal layer, depositing a resistive layer, forming a thermal resistor in the resistive layer, depositing a second dielectric layer, and removing a portion of the second dielectric layer.

A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is smaller than 3. A thermal head includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. Further, a skewness Rsk of the protective layer is smaller than 0.

A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A skewness Rsk of the protective layer is larger than 0. Further, A thermal head of the present disclosure includes a substrate, a heat-generating portion, electrodes, and a protective layer. The heat-generating portion is located on the substrate. The electrodes are located on the substrate and are connected to the heat-generating portion. The protective layer covers the heat-generating portion and parts of the electrodes. A kurtosis Rku of the protective layer is larger than 3.

A thermal head includes a substrate; a plurality of heat generating portions; a common electrode disposed on the substrate and electrically connected to the plurality of heat generating portions; a plurality of individual electrodes disposed on the substrate and each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of heat generating portions; a first insulation layer disposed on the heat generating portions, a part of the common electrode, and a part of the individual electrodes; a second insulation layer located adjacent to the first insulation layer and disposed on a part of the individual electrodes; and a static removing layer disposed on the first insulation layer and grounded. The static removing layer includes a first portion disposed on an upper surface of the first insulation layer and a second portion electrically connected to the first portion and disposed on an upper surface of the second insulation layer.

A thermal transfer printer includes a first supply unit configured to supply an intermediate transfer medium in which, on one surface of a first base, a transfer layer including a receiving layer is disposed, a second supply unit configured to supply a thermal transfer sheet in which, on one of surfaces of a second base, a colorant layer and a particle layer are disposed, a printing unit configured to heat the thermal transfer sheet, to transfer a colorant from the colorant layer to the receiving layer to form an image, and to transfer the particle layer onto the receiving layer, a third supply unit configured to supply a transfer-receiving body, and a transfer unit configured to place the intermediate transfer medium and the transfer-receiving body on top of each other such that the transfer-receiving body faces the particle layer on the receiving layer, and to heat the intermediate transfer medium.

A method for introducing a reflective, refractive, and/or diffractive variable and/or non-variable image to a substrate by use of thermal transfer printing includes simultaneously transferring a defined portion of each of a protective coating layer, an image layer, and an adhesive layer from a carrier film of a transfer ribbon to the substrate by applying heat to the transfer ribbon. The defined portions of the image layer and the protective coating layer are adhered to the substrate using the adhesive layer. Subsequent to transferring the protective coating layer, the image layer, and the adhesive layer, durability is provided to the image layer by cross-linking the protective coating layer that is over the image layer by exposing the protective coating layer to a radiation source after the defined portions of the protective coating layer, the image layer, and the adhesive layer are transferred from the carrier film.