Described herein are interleukin-10 receptor-2 peptides, antibodies that bind the peptides, compositions including the peptides and antibodies and methods of use of the peptides and antibodies. The interleukin-10 receptor-2 peptide consists of an 8-15 amino acid sequence that includes SEQ ID NO: 1 ((I/V)P(P/K/V/E)P(E/K/R/Q)N(A/V)R), SEQ ID NO: 2 ((S/L/V)PAF(A/P)(K/Q)(G/T/E)(N/T/D)), or SEQ ID NO: 3 (PP(G/T/Q/V)(V/T/A)(R/H/T/S)(GN/NHP/SAA)).

A protein fraction and an oxidation stable fat fraction are recovered from poultry containing fat, bone and protein. The poultry is comminuted, mixed with a food grade acid at pH 3.6 to 4.4 to form a liquid protein fraction and a solid fat fraction. The liquid fraction is mixed with a food grade alkali to precipitate the protein.

A protein fraction and an oxidation stable fat fraction are recovered from poultry containing fat, bone and protein. The poultry is comminuted, mixed with a food grade acid at pH 3.6 to 4.4 to form a liquid protein fraction and a solid fat fraction. The liquid fraction is mixed with a food grade alkali to precipitate the protein.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing an ultra-low molecular weight keratin peptide and use thereof. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method of preparing an ultra-low molecular weight keratin peptide using culturing a microorganism having keratinolytic activity in a medium including keratin, ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, a peptide prepared by the method, and a cosmetic and food composition for preventing or improving skin aging or skin wrinkles including the same. According to the method of preparing a keratin peptide of the present invention, it is possible to eco-friendly biologically treat waste resources and efficiently purify and recover anti-aging functional ultra-low molecular weight keratin peptides. In addition, the keratin peptide of the present disclosure breaks down collagen to have abilities to inhibit MMP-1 expression and activity, which is an enzyme that causes skin aging, which has an excellent effect on anti-skin aging and skin wrinkle improvement and has no toxicity to skin cells. It is suitable for use as a cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food composition for preventing, improving or treating skin aging or skin wrinkles, thereby being effectively used for the efficient and rapid production and development of high value-added functional cosmetic substances.

The present disclosure relates to methods of preparing an ultra-low molecular weight keratin peptide and use thereof. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method of preparing an ultra-low molecular weight keratin peptide using culturing a microorganism having keratinolytic activity in a medium including keratin, ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, a peptide prepared by the method, and a cosmetic and food composition for preventing or improving skin aging or skin wrinkles including the same. According to the method of preparing a keratin peptide of the present invention, it is possible to eco-friendly biologically treat waste resources and efficiently purify and recover anti-aging functional ultra-low molecular weight keratin peptides. In addition, the keratin peptide of the present disclosure breaks down collagen to have abilities to inhibit MMP-1 expression and activity, which is an enzyme that causes skin aging, which has an excellent effect on anti-skin aging and skin wrinkle improvement and has no toxicity to skin cells. It is suitable for use as a cosmetic, pharmaceutical or food composition for preventing, improving or treating skin aging or skin wrinkles, thereby being effectively used for the efficient and rapid production and development of high value-added functional cosmetic substances.

Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to methods of obtaining effective amount of avian follistatin. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to products comprising avian follistatin, and methods of optimizing the same based on avian follistatin concentrations utilized during the manufacturing process. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method of creating a consumable product for treatment of a muscle degenerating disease having avian follistatin comprises selecting an avian egg based upon a desired threshold of avian follistatin concentration therein; extracting material from the avian egg, the material comprising avian follistatin; and processing the material with one or more excipients to yield the consumable product.

Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to methods of obtaining effective amount of avian follistatin. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to products comprising avian follistatin, and methods of optimizing the same based on avian follistatin concentrations utilized during the manufacturing process. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method of creating a consumable product for treatment of a muscle degenerating disease having avian follistatin comprises selecting an avian egg based upon a desired threshold of avian follistatin concentration therein; extracting material from the avian egg, the material comprising avian follistatin; and processing the material with one or more excipients to yield the consumable product.

A protein fraction and an oxidation stable fat fraction are recovered from meat trimmings or a high fat content animal muscle tissue. The trimmings are comminuted, and solubilized with a food grade acid or base. The solubilized protein/fat solution is heated so that the fat transforms into a liquid state. The protein is precipitated and the liquid fat is separated. The process results in a lean protein product that is red in color and can also have characteristics of functional meat.

A protein fraction and an oxidation stable fat fraction are recovered from meat trimmings or a high fat content animal muscle tissue. The trimmings are comminuted, and solubilized with a food grade acid or base. The solubilized protein/fat solution is heated so that the fat transforms into a liquid state. The protein is precipitated and the liquid fat is separated. The process results in a lean protein product that is red in color and can also have characteristics of functional meat.

The present invention discloses oral isotonic compositions to provide hydration to mammals in need, characterized by no residual chlorine taste, comprising at least three members of a group consisting of steviol glycoside, citric acid monohydrate, glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate and glycine.