The present invention relates to an additive to poultry feed including nitrates, nitrites or their mixtures that reduces the incidence of pectoral myopathy in poultry, for example, wooden breast myopathy in broiler chickens. In one aspect, a method for reducing the incidence of pectoral myopathy in poultry is disclosed. The method includes feeding poultry a feed having one or more nitrates, one or more nitrites, or a mixture thereof, wherein the amount of nitrates and/or nitrites in the feed is 3 g to 2,500 g per ton of feed.

A nano solid liquid H2O concentrate and method, the concentrate containing molecules of H2O each encapsulating a composite nano particle including selected nutrient particles of nano scale, the composite particles each having a size generally within a range of 12 and 16 nanometers, a bond between the composite particles and respective interior and/or exterior layers of the H2O molecule being stabilized and sealed.

Oral formulations for promoting eye health, and in particular for preventing or treating macular degeneration, are disclosed, containing zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, and at least two or more additional ocular-active nutrients selected from lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, plant-derived compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, or polyphenolics, taurine, carnitine, Coenzyme-Q10, carnosine, and nutrients that stimulate the production of glutathione. Processes are disclosed for identifying ocular-active nutrients that will interact in a synergistic and potentiating manner with zeaxanthin, to provide better and more effective protection, for eye health, than can be provided by zeaxanthin alone. Additional optional agents include zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin C.

Oral formulations for promoting eye health, and in particular for preventing or treating macular degeneration, are disclosed, containing zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, and at least two or more additional ocular-active nutrients selected from lipoic acid, omega-3 fatty acids, plant-derived compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, or polyphenolics, taurine, carnitine, Coenzyme-Q10, carnosine, and nutrients that stimulate the production of glutathione. Processes are disclosed for identifying ocular-active nutrients that will interact in a synergistic and potentiating manner with zeaxanthin, to provide better and more effective protection, for eye health, than can be provided by zeaxanthin alone. Additional optional agents include zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin C.

The present invention is directed towards the use of at least one compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently from each other H or linear C.sub.1-6-alkyl or branched C.sub.3-8-alkyl, as antioxidant, especially in feed such as pet food and feed ingredients such as fish meal, insect meal and poultry meal, as well as PUFA-containing oils such as marine oil, microbial oil, fungal oil, algal oil and PUFA-containing plant oil. The present invention is further directed towards feed ingredients and feed for insects, aquatic and terrestrial animals comprising such twin chromanols of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The present invention is directed towards the use of at least one compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently from each other H or linear C.sub.1-6-alkyl or branched C.sub.3-8-alkyl, as antioxidant, especially in feed such as pet food and feed ingredients such as fish meal, insect meal and poultry meal, as well as PUFA-containing oils such as marine oil, microbial oil, fungal oil, algal oil and PUFA-containing plant oil. The present invention is further directed towards feed ingredients and feed for insects, aquatic and terrestrial animals comprising such twin chromanols of formula (I).

##STR00001##

The present specification discloses a composition for external application to skin, containing a tea plant root extract as an active ingredient, for treatment of skin damage caused by fine dust, whereby the expression level of one or more selected from a group consisting of IL-36G (NM_019618), S100A7 (NM_002963), S100A8 (NM_002964) and XDH (NM_000379), which are genes in skin cells the expression level of which is affected by fine dust, is regulated to a normal level.

The present specification discloses a composition for external application to skin, containing a tea plant root extract as an active ingredient, for treatment of skin damage caused by fine dust, whereby the expression level of one or more selected from a group consisting of IL-36G (NM_019618), S100A7 (NM_002963), S100A8 (NM_002964) and XDH (NM_000379), which are genes in skin cells the expression level of which is affected by fine dust, is regulated to a normal level.

The present invention relates, for instance, to a food or beverage comprising: (a) a sweet substance that induces a response through a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3; (b) a sodium source; and (c) a naturally occurring high-intensity sweet substance having a good taste quality, wherein the amount of the ingredient (b) is 11.5 to 46 mg/100 ml in terms of sodium and the amount of the ingredient (c) is a sweetness threshold or more.

The present invention relates, for instance, to a food or beverage comprising: (a) a sweet substance that induces a response through a taste-related molecule other than the sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3; (b) a sodium source; and (c) a naturally occurring high-intensity sweet substance having a good taste quality, wherein the amount of the ingredient (b) is 11.5 to 46 mg/100 ml in terms of sodium and the amount of the ingredient (c) is a sweetness threshold or more.