Methods for treatment of chronic liver disease and reversing liver fibrosis are provided. These treatments may be achieved using a medical food composition. The medical food is configured specifically for those having chronic liver disease to provide for specific nutritional requirements caused by the chronic liver disease. Testing of the treated patient allows for tracking of progress and to determine if the liver fibrosis is reversed.

The present specification discloses a composition for external application to skin, containing a tea plant root extract as an active ingredient, for treatment of skin damage caused by fine dust, whereby the expression level of one or more selected from a group consisting of IL-36G (NM_019618), S100A7 (NM_002963), S100A8 (NM_002964) and XDH (NM_000379), which are genes in skin cells the expression level of which is affected by fine dust, is regulated to a normal level.

The present specification discloses a composition for external application to skin, containing a tea plant root extract as an active ingredient, for treatment of skin damage caused by fine dust, whereby the expression level of one or more selected from a group consisting of IL-36G (NM_019618), S100A7 (NM_002963), S100A8 (NM_002964) and XDH (NM_000379), which are genes in skin cells the expression level of which is affected by fine dust, is regulated to a normal level.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

Provided herein are compositions (e.g., pharmaceutical compositions, nutraceutical compositions, foods, beverages, cosmetic compositions, diet supplements) comprising deuterated caffeine. The provided compositions may be useful for treating and/or preventing various diseases and conditions, such as obesity, causing weight loss, increasing metabolic rate, reducing appetite, increasing energy expenditure, increasing urine output, increasing sodium excretion, reducing edema, a pain disorder, apnea, hypotension, an encephalopathy, a neurological or psychiatric disorder, and an inflammatory disorder.

Nutritional compositions provide a sustained protein profile to an individual while having an enhanced sensory performance. The nutritional compositions can be in the form of a nutritional powder including a protein system having a fast digesting protein source, an intermediate digesting protein source, and a slow digesting protein source.

Nutritional compositions provide a sustained protein profile to an individual while having an enhanced sensory performance. The nutritional compositions can be in the form of a nutritional powder including a protein system having a fast digesting protein source, an intermediate digesting protein source, and a slow digesting protein source.

A micronutrient fortification supplement which may include one or more of the an effective amount of the following: Vitamin A; Vitamin C; Vitamin D3; Vitamin E; Vitamin B1; Vitamin B3; Vitamin B2; Vitamin B6; Vitamin B9; Vitamin B12; Iron; Zinc; Sodium; Potassium; Chloride; Magnesium; Calcium; Phosphorus; Selenium; Iodine; Fluoride; and optionally a flavoring agent, which may be enclosed in the hollow interior of a sachet and which may be in powder form for dispersing over prepared food.

A micronutrient fortification supplement which may include one or more of the an effective amount of the following: Vitamin A; Vitamin C; Vitamin D3; Vitamin E; Vitamin B1; Vitamin B3; Vitamin B2; Vitamin B6; Vitamin B9; Vitamin B12; Iron; Zinc; Sodium; Potassium; Chloride; Magnesium; Calcium; Phosphorus; Selenium; Iodine; Fluoride; and optionally a flavoring agent, which may be enclosed in the hollow interior of a sachet and which may be in powder form for dispersing over prepared food.

The present invention provides a composition containing α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine as active ingredients. The mixed composition of α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine of the present invention can reduce a risk of side effects due to drugs with synergetic effects due to merge administration of two drugs, and can be usefully used for preventing or treating obesity with excellent effects of inhibiting a weight gain compared to each single composition containing α-lipoic acid or N-acetylcysteine.