The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and/or preventing diabetes and/or obesity. This is accomplished by totally addressing the multiple mechanisms that lead to such conditions. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various biochemical processes and mechanisms that lead to diabetes and obesity. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and/or activity of one or more of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-), CAAT/enhancer binding protein- (C/EBP) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt/-catenin pathway; (3) at least one agent capable of activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway; (4) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (5) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1, IL-1, IL-6, NF-B, TNF-, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); (6) at least one agent capable of enhancing glucose transporter (GLUT4) and/or inhibiting glucose transporter GLUT2; (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and/or activates adiponectin and (8) at least one agent that induces the expression of and/or activates sirtuin (SIRT1). The active agents for use herein are natural materials such as phytonutrients, vitamins and minerals. Compositions with combinations of such natural agents have the ability to prevent, reduce or treat diabetes and obesity by (a) clearing glucose and fatty acids from blood, (b) reducing the number of adipose cells and fat storage, (c) interfering with fat, glucose, and cholesterol biosynthesis, and (d) promoting fat and glucose oxidation.

Since the present compositions are aimed toward normalizing metabolism and energy expenditure and managing oxidative stress and inflammation, they are also beneficial in relation to physical activity, in particular performance, endurance, fatigue and recovery during intensive and continuous exercise/exertion.

The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

The present invention provides a composition comprising HMB and Vitamin D. Methods of administering HMB and Vitamin D to an animal are also described. Vitamin D and HMB are administered to increase muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The combination of Vitamin D and HMB together has a synergistic effect, which results in a surprising and unexpected level of improvement in muscle mass, strength and functionality.

The invention provides formulations to prevent or treat decreasing platelet cell counts. The formulations essentially consist of peanut skins, papaya leaves, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, and iron. In some formulations, some vitamins are replaced by fruit or vegetable juice.

The invention provides formulations to prevent or treat decreasing platelet cell counts. The formulations essentially consist of peanut skins, papaya leaves, folic acid, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, selenium, and iron. In some formulations, some vitamins are replaced by fruit or vegetable juice.

The present invention relates to a liquid composition containing a combination of vitamins A, D, E and K or a suitable provitamin thereof in a liquid matrix, where the total amount of said vitamins and provitamins is at least 0.2% by weight of the total compositions. The invention further relates to the use of this vitamin formulation in the treatment of an existing or impending vitamin deficiency condition concerning at least one of vitamin A, D, E or K, in particular due to vitamin maldigestion. The present invention also relates to formulations for dietary purposes, cosmetic purposes or medical purposes, in particular to dosage forms for oral administration, to formulations for parenteral administration and to topical formulations. The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions for dietary purposes, including e.g. food supplementation and food for special purposes, such as a balanced diet. The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions for medical purposes and for cosmetic purposes.

The present invention relates to a liquid composition containing a combination of vitamins A, D, E and K or a suitable provitamin thereof in a liquid matrix, where the total amount of said vitamins and provitamins is at least 0.2% by weight of the total compositions. The invention further relates to the use of this vitamin formulation in the treatment of an existing or impending vitamin deficiency condition concerning at least one of vitamin A, D, E or K, in particular due to vitamin maldigestion. The present invention also relates to formulations for dietary purposes, cosmetic purposes or medical purposes, in particular to dosage forms for oral administration, to formulations for parenteral administration and to topical formulations. The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions for dietary purposes, including e.g. food supplementation and food for special purposes, such as a balanced diet. The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions for medical purposes and for cosmetic purposes.

A nutritional composition promotes musculoskeletal health in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The nutritional composition contains casein protein, vitamin D, alpha-linolenic acid, and vitamin K in a ratio of vitamin K1:vitamin K2 between 3:1 to 1:3 and the vitamin K providing between 3.5-20 g/100 cal of the nutritional composition. A pharmaceutical formulation, a nutritional formulation, a tube-feed formulation, a dietary supplement, a functional food, a beverage product or a combination thereof comprising the nutritional composition is also disclosed. A method for improving musculoskeletal health is also disclosed.

A nutritional composition promotes musculoskeletal health in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The nutritional composition contains casein protein, vitamin D, alpha-linolenic acid, and vitamin K in a ratio of vitamin K1:vitamin K2 between 3:1 to 1:3 and the vitamin K providing between 3.5-20 g/100 cal of the nutritional composition. A pharmaceutical formulation, a nutritional formulation, a tube-feed formulation, a dietary supplement, a functional food, a beverage product or a combination thereof comprising the nutritional composition is also disclosed. A method for improving musculoskeletal health is also disclosed.

This invention provides edible compositions comprising pharmaceutically or nutraceutically active agents in particulate form homogeneously dispersed in a fat matrix, such as chocolate or chocolate compound coating.