Choline alfoscerate is a drug used to improve cerebrovascular diseases and brain metabolism. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with muscle cramps, it can significantly reduce pain and the occurrence of muscle cramps. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing muscle cramps and a health functional food composition for improving muscle cramps and may also be used for a method for treating muscle cramps by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating muscle cramps.

Choline alfoscerate is a drug used to improve cerebrovascular diseases and brain metabolism. It is a drug with proven safety, which has no effect on the kidney and liver and with no severe side effect reported. When administered to a patient with muscle cramps, it can significantly reduce pain and the occurrence of muscle cramps. Accordingly, it may be used as an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing muscle cramps and a health functional food composition for improving muscle cramps and may also be used for a method for treating muscle cramps by administering choline alfoscerate. In addition, choline alfoscerate may also be used to prepare a medication for treating muscle cramps.

A composition for coating food, in particular confectionery, jellies, and gummies, includes: (A): 60 wt. % to 99.94 wt. %, based on a total amount of the composition, of an oil having a content of monounsaturated fatty acids of more than 70 wt. %, based on a total amount of the oil; and (B): 0.06 wt. % to 0.15 wt. %, based on a total amount of the composition, of ascorbyl palmitate.

The invention encompasses compositions and methods for effectively treating and/or preventing the development and/or progression of osteoporosis and related disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and for promoting overall bone and joint health. This is accomplished by addressing multiple key mechanisms that lead to such disorders. The invention includes compositions comprising a combination of agents having biological activities that effectively suppress, regulate or interfere with the various key biochemical processes and mechanisms that increase the risk for development and/or progression of osteoporosis. The present compositions and methods simultaneously promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption by (a) stimulating osteoblast formation and osteogenesis; (b) suppressing adipocyte differentiation; (c) inhibiting osteoclast formation; and (d) increasing apoptosis of osteoclasts. The inventive compositions used for administration to human and other mammalian subjects having or at risk for development of osteoporosis comprise (1) at least one agent capable of modulating expression and/or activity of one or more of peroxisome activated protein receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα) and Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP-1); (2) at least one agent that activates expression and/or activity of one or more of the osteogenic transcription factors (Runx2/Cbfα1, Dlx5, Osterix, Msx2); (3) at least one agent that activates expression and/or activity of one or more of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs: BMP 2 and 4), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin; (4) at least one agent capable of activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; (5) at least one agent that inhibits the activity of pro-oxidants including reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species (ROS); (6) at least one agent that suppresses one or more of inflammatory mediators including interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2); and (7) at least one agent that induces the expression of and/or activates one or more of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin (SIRT1) and adiponectin (AP).

The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing, alleviating, improving or treating female hormone regulation disorder or symptoms, which contains a green tea extract with contents of ingredients changed. Specifically, the method according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of administering an effective amount of a green tea extract, which contains (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at specific contents, to a subject in need thereof, and may exhibit an effect of preventing, alleviating, improving or treating female hormone regulation disorder or symptoms.

The present disclosure relates to a method for preventing, alleviating, improving or treating female hormone regulation disorder or symptoms, which contains a green tea extract with contents of ingredients changed. Specifically, the method according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a step of administering an effective amount of a green tea extract, which contains (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) at specific contents, to a subject in need thereof, and may exhibit an effect of preventing, alleviating, improving or treating female hormone regulation disorder or symptoms.

The invention provides a nutritional supplement and/or pharmaceutical composition for tableting comprising an embedded lubrication matrix. The embedded lubrication matrix comprises an oily liquid finely dispersed in an oil insoluble material. A method of lubricating a nutritional supplement or pharmaceutical composition for tableting using a matrix with embedded lubrication is also provided.

The invention provides a nutritional supplement and/or pharmaceutical composition for tableting comprising an embedded lubrication matrix. The embedded lubrication matrix comprises an oily liquid finely dispersed in an oil insoluble material. A method of lubricating a nutritional supplement or pharmaceutical composition for tableting using a matrix with embedded lubrication is also provided.

Gummy dosage forms comprising gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation, methods for providing nutritional supplementation, and kits comprising gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation are disclosed. Such gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation may provide improved patient compliance relative to non-gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation. These gummy compositions can be used to administer one or more vitamins, minerals, or trace elements.

Gummy dosage forms comprising gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation, methods for providing nutritional supplementation, and kits comprising gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation are disclosed. Such gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation may provide improved patient compliance relative to non-gummy compositions for nutritional supplementation. These gummy compositions can be used to administer one or more vitamins, minerals, or trace elements.