The disclosure relates to a scintillator material for a radiation detector. In an embodiment, the scintillator material can include a crystalline alkaline-earth metal halide comprising at least one alkaline-earth metal selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, said alkaline-earth metal halide being doped with at least one dopant that activates the scintillation thereof other than Sm.sup.2+, and co-doped with Sm.sup.2+, said alkaline-earth metal halide comprising at least one halogen selected from Br, Cl, I.

The invention relates to an output controller for an engine control for an engine system comprising an internal combustion engine and in electric generator coupled to the internal combustion engine; a computer device which is designed to receive a mechanical target output for the engine system and a maximally permissible rotational speed for the generator and to calculate a target rotational speed for the electric generator and an output torque for the internal combustion engine on the basis of the target output and the maximally permissible rotational speed; an inertia compensating device which is designed to calculate a torque transmitted to a shaft of the generator by a mass moment of inertia of the internal combustion engine on the basis of a change of the target rotational speed for the electric generator and to calculate a target torque for the internal combustion engine on the basis of the transmitted torque and the calculated output torque of the internal combustion engine; and an efficiency calculating device which is designed to calculate a degree of efficiency of the engine system on the basis of the target rotational speed for the electric generator, the calculated output torque of the internal combustion engine, a battery voltage and a generator current of a battery of the engine system, and the calculated target torque for the internal combustion engine and to adapt the value for the mechanical target output, which is supplied to the first computer device, on the basis of the calculated degree of efficiency. The invention further relates to an engine controller and to an engine system.

A system and a method are configured to control a traction force of a vehicle, for example, an electrified vehicle. The system includes wheel speed sensors mounted on drive wheels, respectively, of the vehicle to measure a drive wheel speed, a disturbance observer for extracting a primary disturbance by comparing an actual vehicle behavior based on a required torque with a vehicle behavior estimated based on the drive wheel speed using a vehicle behavior model in an acceleration situation of the vehicle, a filter for extracting a secondary disturbance in a preset frequency range from the primary disturbance, a compensator for calculating a compensation torque for cancelling the secondary disturbance, a hysteresis circuit for determining whether to compensate for the required torque based on the compensation torque, and a calculator for calculating a compensated required torque using the required torque and the compensation torque.

A braking and driving force control device includes a target braking and driving force calculation unit, and a braking and driving force distribution unit. The braking and driving force distribution unit causes a driving device to generate a target braking and driving force in a case where the target braking and driving force is within the availability, and in a case where the target braking and driving force is less than a lower limit value of the availability, causes the driving device to generate a braking and driving force corresponding to the lower limit value of the availability, performs arithmetic processing of suppressing time variation on the lower limit value of the availability, and causes a braking device to generate a braking force corresponding to a difference between the lower limit value of the availability after the arithmetic processing and the target braking and driving force.

A vehicle includes a first sensor for acquiring image data of a rear side, a second sensor for acquiring gaze data of a user, a display for outputting a screen of the image data, an input device for setting a sensitivity to a movement of a user gaze, and a controller for determining reference vector data based on the gaze data at a point in time at which the gaze data starts to be acquired or the gaze data that is preset, for outputting a control signal to output a screen of the image data corresponding to the reference vector data, for acquiring result data including relative position data and relative velocity data of gaze movement data with respect to the reference vector data, and for controlling a signal to output a screen of the image data.

A method for controlling driving force of a vehicle includes determining a natural frequency of vehicle suspension pitch motion according to characteristics of a suspension device of the vehicle, providing a filter configured for removing or passing a natural frequency component of the vehicle suspension pitch motion to a control unit of the vehicle, determining, by the control unit, a required driving force command based on vehicle driving information collected during vehicle driving, determining, by the control unit, a final front wheel driving force command and a final rear wheel driving force command through a filtering process using the filter from the determined required driving force command, and controlling, by the control unit, a driving force applied to a front wheel and a rear wheel of the vehicle by a driving device for driving the vehicle according to the determined final front wheel driving force command and the determined final rear wheel driving force command.

A cant estimating method of estimating a cant of a travelling road of a vehicle includes a step of acquiring vehicle information including information on a speed, a lateral acceleration, a steering angle, a yaw rate, and a position of each of a plurality of vehicles including a first vehicle, a step of estimating a cant of a travelling road of the first vehicle based on the vehicle information, and a step of storing the estimated cant, in association with information on the position of the first vehicle, in a cant angle database usable by the plurality of vehicles.

Systems and methods are disclosed for identifying time-latency and subsystem control actuation dynamic delay due to second order dynamics that are neglected in control systems of the prior art. Embodiments identify time-latency and subsystem control actuation delays by developing a discrete-time dynamic model having parameters and estimating the parameters using a least-squares method over selected crowd-driving data. After estimating the model parameters, the model can be used to identify dynamic actuation delay metrics such as time-latency, rise time, settling time, overshoot, bandwidth, and resonant peak of the control subsystem. Control subsystems can include steering, braking, and throttling.

A vehicle control device, a vehicle control method, and a vehicle control system according to the present invention estimate, in response to a deceleration command to a vehicle, the first deceleration generated by a frictional braking force based on characteristics of deceleration with respect to a force acting on a friction pad of a frictional braking device, determine the second deceleration by subtracting the first deceleration from the deceleration command, output the first command for generating the frictional braking force based on the deceleration command, and output the second command for generating the regenerative braking force based on the second deceleration. This allows compensating for uncertainty in achieving deceleration by frictional braking, and improving the accuracy of the actual deceleration with respect to the deceleration command.

A method for determining the direction of travel of a vehicle comprises providing a first sensor for measuring a longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle and at least one second sensor for establishing the rotational movement of a wheel of the vehicle, An acceleration signal containing acceleration information from the first sensor is received by the system. The acceleration signal is filtered resulting in a modified acceleration signal. The direction of travel of the vehicle is determined based on the modified acceleration signal and based on the output signal of the second sensor.