Methods and compositions are provided for expressing an endolysin in a bacterium or in a tobacco plant or plant part. Expression of the endolysin can reduce the total bacterial load on the plant and in tobacco products produced from the plant. Accordingly, the level of tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in a cured tobacco product can be decreased when the tobacco leaves used in the product were harvested from a plant expressing endolysin or when bacteria modified to express endolysin is used to treat the tobacco. Thus, bacteria and tobacco plants and plant parts are provided that express an endolysin. Further provided are methods for decreasing the microbial load on a tobacco plant and in a tobacco product by applying a solution of bacteria modified to express an endolysin or by modifying a tobacco plant to express endolysins. Smokeless tobacco products including such modified tobacco plant parts are also provided.

The disclosure provides a method for improving the storage stability of a moist smokeless tobacco product configured for oral use, for example, a moist snuff tobacco product. The moist smokeless tobacco product includes a tobacco formulation containing a tobacco material. The method includes mixing the tobacco material with one or more antioxidants and one or more preservatives to form the tobacco formulation. The disclosure also provides a moist smokeless tobacco product incorporating a tobacco material and one or more antioxidants and one or more preservatives. Such moist smokeless tobacco products exhibit improved storage stability with respect to one or more characteristics such as nitrite, tobacco specific nitrosamine, organic acid, pH, and moisture content.

A white snus with sachet material, preferably a pouch, which is not moisturized during the manufacturing process, includes a filler material, a nicotine source and flavorings, wherein the flavorings include tobacco particles having a size (sD.sub.50 laser diffraction)≤30 μm adhered on an inert carrier. A method for manufacturing a white snus includes the steps of providing filler material, providing a nicotine source, providing tobacco particles having a size (sD.sub.50 laser diffraction)≤30 μm adhered on a carrier, providing further flavorings, optionally providing further ingredients and mechanically mixing the ingredients. The carrier is inert with respect to the surrounding environment, wherein the carrier itself remains chemically unchanged when contacted by other components of the snus, wherein the nicotine source does not contain tobacco.

Provided are methods for drying and sterilizing cannabis plant material comprising providing feed cannabis plant material having a water content of M0, wherein M0 is greater than 45%; partially drying the feed cannabis plant material to form a partially dried cannabis plant material having a water content of M1, wherein M1 is in the range of between 12% wt and 40% wt; sterilizing the partially dried cannabis plant material to form sterilized partially dried cannabis plant material having a water content of M3; and when said M3 is less than 8% wt or greater than 16% wt, adjusting said M3 to provide a water content of M2, wherein said M2 is between 8% wt and 16% wt. Further provided are methods and systems for drying of cannabis plant material.

A lid for curing organic plants. The lid is configured to be secured onto a contain with an open top, wherein the lid includes a gasket located on the bottom side of the lid, wherein the lid further includes one or more valves configured to prevent air from entering the container when the lid is secured, wherein the valve is further configured to allow air to escape the container and enter the container when actuated, wherein the lid includes a plurality of numbers associated with a calendar date and a calendar month annularly arranged on a top surface of the lid, and wherein the lid further includes a plurality of tabs, wherein the plurality of tabs are configured to move bi-directionally and include an opening configured to align and display the plurality of numbers.

A stabilizing process for tobacco and tobacco products includes sterilizing the tobacco by applying an electron beam treatment to the tobacco. The process may also include treating the tobacco. The treating the tobacco includes pre-conditioning the tobacco, pasteurizing the tobacco, curing the tobacco, fermenting the tobacco, or combinations thereof. The method may also include forming a smokeless tobacco product containing the tobacco.

A stabilizing process for tobacco and tobacco products includes sterilizing the tobacco by applying an electron beam treatment to the tobacco. The process may also include treating the tobacco. The treating the tobacco includes pre-conditioning the tobacco, pasteurizing the tobacco, curing the tobacco, fermenting the tobacco, or combinations thereof. The method may also include forming a smokeless tobacco product containing the tobacco.

A machine for preparing a smokeable product, the machine comprising a housing, a capsule receiving compartment within the housing, the capsule receiving compartment configured to receive a capsule used to prepare the smokeable product, a rolling medium holder movably coupled to the housing, the rolling medium holder configured to receive at least one rolling medium and move between an open position for receiving the rolling medium, and a closed position for forming the smokeable product, and a tamper coupled to the housing and configured to puncture the capsule to permit and facilitate movement of smokeable material from the capsule into a rolling medium.

A capsule used for preparing a smokeable product, the capsule comprising a bowl-shaped body made from aluminum and having an open top and a rounded bottom creating a cavity configured to hold smokeable material therein, the rounded bottom having a closed, roughly cylindrical neck extending from a center of the rounded bottom, away from the open top; and a circular disc of aluminum foil configured to couple to the open top of the body of the capsule.

The disclosure provides a method for improving the storage stability of a moist smokeless tobacco product configured for oral use, for example, a moist snuff tobacco product. The moist smokeless tobacco product includes a tobacco formulation containing a tobacco material. The method includes mixing the tobacco material with one or more antioxidants and one or more preservatives to form the tobacco formulation. The disclosure also provides a moist smokeless tobacco product incorporating a tobacco material and one or more antioxidants and one or more preservatives. Such moist smokeless tobacco products exhibit improved storage stability with respect to one or more characteristics such as nitrite, tobacco specific nitrosamine, organic acid, pH, and moisture content.