To obtain an oxygen clathrate hydrate containing the dissolved oxygen that is maintained in a state of being dissolved in a solution even when being heated to 100 C.

A system for dissolving gases in water comprises a mixing chamber that holds gas and a container in fluid communication with the mixing chamber. In operation, the mixing chamber is flooded to purge the ambient air. A gas delivery system introduces gas into the mixing chamber to push the water out. A pump then pumps temperature and salinity-treated water into the mixing chamber, and a distributor sprays or disperses the water into the mixing chamber. An optional impingement plate and/or mixing medium trap gas bubbles and hold gas-saturated water within the mixing chamber. This produces a volume of substantially bubble-free, highly-saturated gas-infused water that is then released into the container to mix with the water contained therein. This system can be incorporated in aquariums, ice chests, buckets, and live wells found on boats, kayaks, trucks, and other transports.

An apparatus, buffer solutions and a method are provided for pH control of in vitro dissolution tests used to monitor the drug release rate from solid unit dosage forms which are used to predict their in vivo effects or for quality control purposes. A method of preparing a continuous condition and a clear bicarbonate ion based solution for in vitro dissolution testing of pharmaceutical products is also provided.

An enclosure device is also provided for use in the provision of pH control and stabilization to a bicarbonate based solution used in the in vitro dissolution testing of pharmaceutical products.

Apparatus for introducing a gas into a main medium, comprising: a main conduit for guiding the main medium, a multitude of injection lines for guiding the gas, wherein each of the injection lines has a respective end section with a respective outlet opening situated within the main conduit, and wherein the end sections are oriented essentially parallel to each other and to the main conduit. With the apparatus a gas can be introduced in particular into waste water for obtaining a biologically activated sludge. Thereby, interaction between the gas and the waste water can be particularly pronounced due to a particularly large liquid-gas-interface caused by particularly extensive turbulences. Further, shear stress acting on particles in the activated sludge can be advantageously low, thus avoiding damage of the biological particles.

Described herein are methods and devices for treating water, wastewater, and organic wastes. The methods and devices are mixed by using hydraulic surge mixers. This surge mixer is driven by gas and can provide occasional surges of water using large bubbles which are able to move great volume of liquid while minimizing dissolved oxygen transfer to the surrounding liquid. Use of the devices and processes herein provides a simple, eloquent approach to water and wastewater treatment with less operation and maintenance costs than conventional devices and/or processes. The same surge lifting device can also be installed in other reactors to mix the tank content and enhance reaction with reduced energy use and maintenance needs.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a soil amelioration method that makes it possible to conveniently ameliorate soil. This soil amelioration method involves applying nano-bubble water to soil.

A nanobubble manufacturing system comprising: a gas supply unit, supplying gas; a mixing device, mixing the gas with liquid into a first solution; and an ultrasonic oscillator, vibrating the first solution to produce a second solution having nanobubbles.

The present invention provides modular devices and systems for infusing gas into a liquid and methods of manufacture and use thereof. In accordance with an embodiment, a modular device for infusing gas into a liquid is provided. The modular device comprises a plurality of microporous hollow fibers, and a cap covering open ends of the microporous hollow fibers. The cap is configured to receive a gas into an opening and to deliver the gas into the open ends of the microporous hollow fibers. The cap is further configured to removably mount the modular device to a fixture. A system for infusing gas into a liquid may include one or more of the modular gas infusion devices configured to be removably mounted to a fixture such that the microporous hollow fibers are within a hollow cavity. The hollow cavity includes a first opening configured to receive a liquid and a second opening configured to discharge the liquid infused with a gas. Because the system is modular, it is economical to manufacture, scale to different application requirements and to maintain.

Provided is a gas-dissolved water generating apparatus in which a pressure pump and a multi-stage mixer are sequentially arranged on at least one conduit; a circulation pipe connecting an inlet side of the pressure pump and a outlet side of the pressure pump is positioned on the conduit; a gas supply unit for supplying a predetermined external gas to one side of the circulation pipe, which is connected to the inlet side of the pressure pump, via a gas supply pipe; the gas supply unit and the circulation pipe are connected through a three-way valve, and the three-way valve is configured to have a structure of a venturi pipe having wide inlet and outlet channels and a narrow interior channel along the circulation pipe, so that a gas supplied from the gas supply unit is independently sucked.

A bag assembly for use with a heat exchanger includes a flexible bag having of one or more sheets of polymeric material, the bag having a first end that bounds a first compartment and an opposing second end that bounds a second compartment, a support structure being disposed between the first compartment and the second compartment so that the first compartment is separated and isolated from the second compartment. A first inlet port, a first outlet port, and a first drain port are coupled with the flexible bag so as to communicate with the first compartment. A second inlet port, a second outlet port, and a second drain port are coupled with the flexible bag so as to communicate with the second compartment.