A configuration for water purification undergoes the water supply step of taking in treatment water through a water suction port and pressure-feeding the treatment water, the air supply step of taking in air through an air suction port and supplying the air, the oxygen amount increasing step of pressurizing the air supplied at the air supply step to increase the total amount of oxygen, the ionization step of ionizing the pressurized air subjected to the oxygen amount increasing step, the mixing step of obtaining gas-liquid mixing fluid subjected to first fine air bubble formation by spraying the air into the flow of treatment water, and the accelerated spraying step of performing second fine air bubble formation by accelerating a flow velocity by a narrowed-diameter portion provided at a spray nozzle when the gas-liquid mixing fluid obtained through the mixing step is sprayed into the treatment water.

A beverage dispensing system includes an infusion unit and a dispensing station. The infusion unit is to mix a liquid beverage product and a gas to produce a gas-infused liquid beverage product. The infusion unit includes a first infusion unit inlet to receive the liquid beverage product, a second infusion unit inlet to receive the gas, and a first infusion unit outlet to output the gas-infused liquid beverage product. The dispensing station includes a first valve, coupled to the first outlet of the infusion unit, to receive and dispense the gas-infused liquid beverage product. The dispensing station further includes a second valve to receive and dispense the liquid beverage product.

An apparatus configured to result in a penetration of one or more gasses into a dermis of biological skin, wherein the apparatus includes a fluid reservoir configured to contain an amount of a liquid in contact with a portion of a person's skin, and a nanobubble generator configured to inject nanobubbles into the liquid, wherein the nanobubbles contain the one or more gasses. The contact of the liquid containing the nanobubbles with the person's skin results in a cutaneous uptake of a gas contained in the nanobubbies into the person's skin, which may be beneficial in treating an ailment, such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

An apparatus for separating a mixture of two liquids of different densities which liquids are substantially insoluble in one another includes a hollow permeable body having a recess for receiving a first fluid which can flow from the recess through the permeable body to an exterior of the permeable body. A housing surrounds and is spaced from the exterior of the permeable body. The housing has an inlet for a second fluid and an outlet for a mixture of the first and second fluid. A baffle or baffles are provided in the space between the exterior of the permeable body and the housing, and to define a mixing channel in space between the exterior of the permeable body and the housing so that the second fluid can enter the housing inlet and flow through the mixing channel to the outlet, while picking up fluid on the exterior of the permeable body.

A method of producing a carbonated beverage comprising a blend of water and syrup having a predetermined final carbonation level. The method includes the steps of: introducing CO.sub.2 into a flowing stream of a product blend comprising water, syrup and dissolved oxygen, such that CO.sub.2 is dissolved in the product blend; deaerating the CO.sub.2-containing product blend by introducing the blend into a vented atmospheric vessel, the interior of which is at ambient pressure with a headspace maintained above the surface of the liquid within the vessel, whereby dissolved oxygen is released from the product blend and vented from the vessel; pumping the deaerated product blend from the vessel, wherein the deaerated blend includes dissolved CO.sub.2 at an intermediate carbonation level less than the final carbonation level; and carbonating the deaerated product blend to the final carbonation level downstream of the vented vessel to produce a carbonated beverage for subsequent packaging. A system for performing the method is also provided, as well as a method of producing a beverage using nitrogen deaeration.

An apparatus for membrane emulsification. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a membrane defining a plurality of apertures connecting a first phase on a first side of the membrane to a second phase on a second, different side of the membrane, such that egression of the first phase into the second phase via the plurality of apertures creates an emulsion, and wherein the membrane is an oscillating cylindrical membrane.

A method and device (10) for producing and dispensing oxygenated water. A mixing unit (30) has an inlet for supplying water to the mixing unit, and an inlet for supplying oxygen to the unit. Separate control valves or devices are installed in the respective flow paths by which water and oxygen are directed to their respective inlets so to separately control the rate at which water and oxygen are supplied to it. The mixing unit includes an element (39) for dissolving oxygen supplied to the mixing unit into the water also supplied thereto, the mixing unit controlling the level of oxygen dissolution into the water. A dispenser (46) is connected to an outlet (42) of the mixing unit for dispensing oxygenated water into a container (G) for subsequent consumption. It is desirable to consume the oxygenated water as soon as possible to realize the full benefits of the oxygen dissolved in water.

Provided is a pharmaceutical composition excellent in capability of an accelerated penetration into an affected area. The pharmaceutical composition capable of accelerated penetration into the affected area is formed by dispersing nano-bubbles, which are negatively charged and are given high internal pressures due to their surface tension, in the pharmaceutical composition in a form of a liquid or a gel including a predetermined drug.

A gas injection assembly for injecting a gas into a liquid to form a solution includes a vessel that receives the liquid, a flow channel that conveys the liquid from the vessel through an upstream inlet to a downstream outlet that is configured to dispense the solution, and a sparger having a porous surface positioned in the flow channel such that the liquid flows across the porous surface and the porous surface injects the gas into the liquid as the liquid flows across the porous surface.

A gas injection system for injecting a gas into a liquid to form a solution includes a flow channel that conveys a liquid from an upstream inlet configured to receive the liquid and a downstream outlet configured to dispense the solution, sparger positioned in the flow channel, a solution pressure detection device configured to sense a pressure of the solution in the flow channel, and a liquid valve configured to regulate flow of the liquid in the flow channel based on the pressure sensed by the solution pressure detection device. The sparger is configured to inject the gas into the liquid through the porous surface as the liquid flows across the surface.