A bubble generating device for sewage purification includes: an outer cylinder 6 vertically placed in water; an injection port 2A placed at a lower central portion in the outer cylinder 6 for upwardly injecting air as bubble flow supplied from an air supply source; and microbubble generating device 3 placed higher than the injection port 2A for refining bubbles injected from the injection port 2A. A throat portion 30 for narrowing a flow path of bubble flow and water flow which rises in the outer cylinder 6 is placed between the injection port 2A and the microbubble generating device 3.

Methods related generally to the removal of atmospheric pollutants from the gas phase, are provided, as well as related apparatus, processes and uses thereof. A single-stage air scrubbing apparatus is provided that includes at least one reaction vessel, at least one introduction duct, and a turbulence component, wherein a residence time is sufficient to allow the conversion of at least one atmospheric pollution compound to at least one other compound, molecule or atom. In some embodiments, the at least one atmospheric pollution compound comprises nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide or a combination thereof. Additionally, methods of removing atmospheric pollution compounds from a waste gas stream are disclosed that include introducing a waste gas stream and at least one additional gas stream, mist stream, liquid stream or combination thereof into a single-stage air scrubbing apparatus at a flow rate sufficient to allow for conversion of the at least one atmospheric pollution compound.

The heat exchanger (1) contains a jacket element (2) and an insert element (3), wherein the insert element (3) is arranged in the operating state in the interior of the jacket element (2). The insert element has a longitudinal axis (4). The insert element (3) contains an insert jacket element (31) and a plurality of web elements (9, 10), the web elements (9, 10) having a first end (13) and a second end (14). The first end (13) and the second end (14) of each web element (9, 10) are connected to the insert jacket element (31) at different locations. At least a portion of the web elements (9, 10) includes web element channels (11, 12), the web element channels (11, 12) extending from the first end (13) of the web element (11) to the second end (14) of the web element (11). An intermediate jacket element (5) is arranged between the insert jacket element (31) and the jacket element (2).

A static mixer for desalting a fluid is disclosed. A static mixer can include a housing, a reduction cone disposed concentrically within the housing; and an expansion cone disposed concentrically within the housing; wherein the static mixer is configured to direct fluid flow through the reduction cone onto the expansion cone, thereby mixing the fluid.

A vehicle exhaust system includes an exhaust gas aftertreatment component and an exhaust duct positioned downstream of the exhaust gas aftertreatment component. The exhaust duct defines an internal cavity and a mixer is positioned within the internal cavity. A sensor is configured to sample exhaust gas downstream of the mixer.

Methods related generally to the removal of atmospheric pollutants from the gas phase, are provided. The methods involve contacting a first stream comprising NO and/or NO.sub.2 with a second stream comprising (ClO.sub.2).sup.0 to provide a third stream comprising NO and NO.sub.2 at a molar ratio of about 1:1; and contacting the third stream with a fourth stream comprising an aqueous metal hydroxide (MOH) solution to convert NO and NO.sub.2 to MNO.sub.2.

A static mixer for desalting a fluid is disclosed. A static mixer can include a housing, a reduction cone disposed concentrically within the housing; and an expansion cone disposed concentrically within the housing; wherein the static mixer is configured to direct fluid flow through the reduction cone onto the expansion cone, thereby mixing the fluid.

A gypsum slurry mixer output canister is provided, including a canister housing having an upper end, an opposite lower end and defining a canister interior, a cover secured to the upper end, a slurry inlet in operational relationship to the upper end, a spiral block associated with the upper end, and having a helical flow surface depending into the interior. A flow distributor is secured to the lower end and is in fluid communication with the interior, and a slurry outlet is defined by the lower canister housing end.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, especially in a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas flow duct (14), a reactant release device (20) for the release of reactant (R) into the exhaust gas flow duct (14) and a catalytic converter device (16) downstream of the reactant release device (20). At least one part of a component surface is provided by a hydrophilic material (34) of at least one exhaust gas-carrying component (12, 22) positioned in the reactant flow path or/and defining this reactant flow path, or/and at least one part of the component surface is provided by a hydrophobic material (40) of at least one exhaust gas-carrying component (12, 18, 22) positioned in the reactant flow path.

A device to be installed in a pipeline, characterized by at least one static mixer and at least one pre-mixer arranged in a sleeve, wherein said at least one static mixer is characterized by: a body having a plurality of slots through the body, said slots having one or more sides that are angled with respect to an axis passing through a center of the body; a plurality of arms extending from an outer edge of the body towards a center of the body, wherein the plurality of slots comprising at least one concentric ring of slots.