The present invention relates to a catalyst composition, comprising tin oxide particles which are at least partially coated by a noble metal oxide layer, wherein the composition contains iridium and ruthenium in a total amount of from 10 wt % to 38 wt %, and all iridium and ruthenium is oxidized, has a BET surface area of from 5 to 95 m.sup.2/g, and has an electrical conductivity at 25 C. of at least 7 S/cm.

An oxidation catalyst is described for treating an exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine comprising a catalytic region and a substrate, wherein the catalytic region comprises a catalytic material comprising: bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof; a platinum group metal (PGM) selected from the group consisting of (i) platinum (Pt), (ii) palladium (Pd) and (iii) platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd); and a support material, which is a refractory oxide; wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) is supported on the support material; and wherein the bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof is supported on the support material and/or the refractory oxide comprises the bismuth, antimony or an oxide thereof.

An oxidation catalyst is described for treating an exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine comprising a catalytic region and a substrate, wherein the catalytic region comprises a catalytic material comprising: bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof; a platinum group metal (PGM) selected from the group consisting of (i) platinum (Pt), (ii) palladium (Pd) and (iii) platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd); and a support material, which is a refractory oxide; wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) is supported on the support material; and wherein the bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof is supported on the support material and/or the refractory oxide comprises the bismuth, antimony or an oxide thereof.

The present invention provides a hydrogen oxidation catalyst including a titania support on which a platinum cluster is supported, wherein the platinum cluster includes Pt0, and the number of terrace crystal surfaces among the terrace, step, and kink crystal surfaces formed by the Pt0 is larger than the number of the step and kink crystal surfaces.

An oxidation catalyst is described for treating an exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine comprising a catalytic region and a substrate, wherein the catalytic region comprises a catalytic material comprising: antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof; a platinum group metal (PGM) selected from the group consisting of (i) platinum (Pt), (ii) palladium (Pd) and (iii) platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd); and a support material, which is a refractory oxide; wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) and the antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof is each supported on the support material.

A catalytic composite for a cyclic process of adiabatic, non-oxidative dehydrogenation of an alkane into an olefin, comprising a dehydrogenation catalyst, a semimetal and a carrier supporting the catalyst and the semimetal. During the reduction and/or regeneration stages of the adiabatic process, the semimetal releases heat which can be used to initiate the dehydrogenation reactions, which are endothermic in nature, thereby reducing the need for hot air flow and combustion of coke as heat input. The semi-metal is inert towards the dehydrogenation reaction itself, alkane feed and olefin product as well as other side reactions of the cyclic process such as cracking and decoking.

Electrocatalyst, electrode coating and an electrode for preparing chlorine and process for producing the electrode, the electrocatalyst comprising a noble metal oxide and/or a noble metal of transition groups VIIIa of the Periodic Table of the Elements and at least one finely divided pulverulent oxide of another metal, in which one or more components are doped and the base metal oxide powder is chemically stable in the presence of aqueous electrolytes.

An oxidation catalyst is described for treating an exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine comprising a catalytic region and a substrate, wherein the catalytic region comprises a catalytic material comprising: bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof; a platinum group metal (PGM) selected from the group consisting of (i) platinum (Pt), (ii) palladium (Pd) and (iii) platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd); and a support material, which is a refractory oxide: wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) is supported on the support material; and wherein the bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) or an oxide thereof is supported on the support material and/or the refractory oxide comprises the bismuth, antimony or an oxide thereof.

Heterogenous azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions comprising 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFCO-1233xf) and water which may include from about 0.09 wt. % to about 92.69 wt. % 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFCO-1233xf) and from about 7.31 wt. % to about 99.91 wt. % water and having a boiling point between about 12.0 C. and about 13.6 C. at a pressure of between about 12.5 psia and about 16.5 psia. The azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions may be used to separate impurities, including water, from 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFCO-1233xf).

A process for preparing an aromatic isocyanate by direct carbonylation of a nitro aromatic compound by reacting the nitro aromatic compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst contains a multi metallic material comprising one or more binary intermetallic phases of the general formula A.sub.xB.sub.y wherein: A is one or more element selected from Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt and Ag, B is one or more element selected from Sn, Sb, Pb, Zn, Ga, In, Ge and As, x is in the range 0.1-10, y in is in the range 0.1-10.