To provide an egg shell-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst demonstrating excellent performance in terms of catalyst life, an egg shell-type platinum-loaded alumina catalyst includes: an alumina carrier; platinum dispersed and loaded on an outer shell of the alumina carrier; and one or more second components selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, and phosphorus. Preferably, the content of platinum is 0.05 to 5.0 wt % calculated as elemental platinum. The content of each second component preferably is 0.1 to 5.0 wt % calculated as each element. The alumina carrier has a surface area of 150 m.sup.2/g or more, a pore volume of 0.40 cm.sup.3/g or more, and an average pore diameter of 40 to 300 Å, with pores having a pore diameter in a range of ±30 Å from the average pore diameter occupying 60% or more of a total pore volume.

The present invention relates to a method and a system for the treatment of exhaust gas from industrial processes comprising at least the following consecutive steps: a) passing an exhaust gas comprising volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and/or amines through a catalytic zone at elevated temperatures, said catalytic zone comprises a deNO.sub.x-catalyst and an oxidation catalyst thereby providing a first treated gas stream, and b) subjecting the first treated gas stream to ultraviolet radiation in order cause photooxidation.

A system for decomposing contaminants, including volatile compounds (VOCs), with a visible-spectrum photocatalytic composition.

The present disclosure generally relates to processes for preparation of n-butanol, n-octanol and n-decanol from a reaction mixture comprising ethanoi and n-hexanol by Guerbet condensation. In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to improvements in n-octanol and n-decanol yield and selectivity by the selection of process reaction conditions such as, but not limited to, mole ratio of n-hexanol to ethanol. The present disclosure further generally relates to integrated processes for preparation of n-butanol in a n-butanol reactor from a reaction mixture comprising ethanol and hydrogen to produce a n-butanol product stream by Geurbet condensation comprising n-butanol and n-hexanol and for preparation of n-octanol in a n-octanol reactor from a reaction mixture comprising ethanol, n-hexanol and hydrogen to produce a n-octanol product stream by Geurbet condensation comprising n-butanol, n-hexanol and n-octanol. A predominant proportion of the n-hexanol contained in the n-butanol and n-octanol product streams is isolated and recycled to the n-octanol reaction mixture. In some aspects, the present disclosure relates to improvements in n-octanol and n-butanol yield and selectivity by the selection of process reaction conditions such as, but not limited to, mole ratio of n-hexanol to ethanol and recovery and recycle of n-hexanol.

A catalyst comprising palladium, bismuth, and at least one third element X selected from the group consisting of P, S, Sc, V, Ga, Se, Y, Nb, Mo, La, Ce, and Nd, wherein the catalyst further comprises a support.

The present invention relates to a process for obtaining 1-octanol which comprises a contact step between ethanol, n-hexanol and a catalyst, wherein said catalyst comprises: i) a metal oxide that comprises the following metals: M1 is at least one bivalent metal selected from Mg, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Fe, Ni and Ca; M2 is at least one trivalent metal selected from Al, La, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Ga; ii) a noble metal selected from Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh and Re; and iii) optionally, comprises V; with the proviso that the catalyst comprises at least V, Ga or any of their combinations.

A novel catalyst composition and its use in the dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins. The catalyst comprises a Group VIII noble metal and a metal selected from the group consisting of manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium, and combinations thereof, on a support. The Group VIII noble metal can be platinum, palladium, osmium, rhodium, rubidium, iridium, and combinations thereof. The support can be silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silica-alumina, cerium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide, metal modified silica, silica-pillared clays, silica-pillared micas, metal oxide modified silica-pillared mica, silica-pillared tetrasilicic mica, silica-pillared taeniolite, zeolite, molecular sieve, and combinations thereof. The catalyst composition is an active and selective catalyst for the catalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins.

The present invention provides a method for producing a compound represented by formula (2), comprising at least a step of preparing a compound represented by formula (1) and a step of reacting the compound represented by formula (1) with a hydrogen source using a catalyst,

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wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an alkyl group.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for the oxidation of NO, for the oxidation of ammonia and for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx, the catalyst comprising a flow-through substrate, a first coating comprising one or more of a vanadium oxide and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron, a second coating comprising a platinum group metal component supported on a non-zeolitic oxidic material and further comprising one or more of a vanadium oxide and a zeolitic material comprising one or more of copper and iron and a third coating comprising a platinum group metal component supported on an oxidic material. The present invention further relates to an exhaust gas treatment system comprising said catalyst.

Oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes to alkenes, e.g., propane to propylene, may use solid phase oxygen in VO.sub.x based mixed oxide catalysts. Beyond catalysis, the metal oxide species provide lattice oxygen. The catalysts can be prepared by depositing vanadium oxide(s) on θ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 mixed with various alkaline earth metal oxide support, e.g., CaO, MgO, BaO, etc. Surface area, acidity, and reduction properties of the catalyst systems can be modified by the support. The catalysts may allow multistage reduction of VO.sub.x, indicating different VO.sub.x species. Vanadium on θ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3/CaO can suppress COx species, while vanadium on θ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3/BaO can yield at least ca. 49% olefins.