Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

Processes for producing neopentane are disclosed herein. Processes comprise demethylating a C.sub.6-C.sub.8 alkane within a shell and tube reactor to produce a demethylation product including at least 10 wt % neopentane based on the weight of the demethylation product.

Methods, compositions, and articles of manufacture for alkane activation with single- or bi-metallic catalysts on crystalline mixed oxide supports.

This disclosure provides embodiments directed to compositions, methods, and processes to produce compounds having the structure:

##STR00001## each of R1-R5 is selected from a hydroxyl group and hydrogen; and R1-R5 include at least one hydroxyl group and at least one hydrogen; and n=0-2. In particular, methods of the disclosure can include reacting a precursor, the precursor containing more oxygen (O) atoms than the compound, with a gas containing hydrogen (H.sub.2) in the presence of a catalyst.

The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst, comprising: a first composition comprising a dehydrogenation active metal on a solid support, and a second composition comprising a transition metal and a doping agent, wherein the doping agent is selected from zinc, gallium, indium, lanthanum, and mixtures thereof, on an inorganic support.

An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum composite material having excellent adhesiveness between a support and a supported substance. The aluminum composite material of an embodiment of the present invention is an aluminum composite material having an oxide film-including aluminum base material having an oxide film on at least a part of a surface of an aluminum base material and a supported substance supported on the surface of the oxide film-including aluminum base material, in which an average film thickness of the oxide film is 1 nm or more and less than 100 nm, and the oxide film-side surface of the aluminum base material has at least one roughened structure selected from the group consisting of a roughened structure including concave portions having an average opening diameter of more than 5 m and 100 m or less, a roughened structure including concave portions having an average opening diameter of more than 0.5 m and 5 m or less, and an uneven structure including concave portions having an average opening diameter of more than 0.01 m and 0.5 m or less.

Disclosed is a method for producing adipamide, which may include the steps of: (a) reacting glucose, nitric acid (HNO.sub.3), sodium nitrite (NaNO.sub.2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce a glucaric acid potassium salt, (b) producing glucamide by reacting the glutaric acid potassium salt, with an acidic solution and removing a potassium ion from the glucaric acid potassium salt, (c) preparing an reaction admixture by adding the glucamide and a catalyst to hydrogen halide and acetic acid, and (d) treating the reaction admixture with hydrogen gas in a reactor thereby producing the adipamide.

Shaped porous carbon products and processes for preparing these products are provided. The shaped porous carbon products can be used, for example, as catalyst supports and adsorbents. Catalyst compositions including these shaped porous carbon products, processes of preparing the catalyst compositions, and various processes of using the shaped porous carbon products and catalyst compositions are also provided.

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

Provided is a catalyst including a metal component including a first component that is rhenium and one or more second components selected from the group consisting of silicon, gallium, germanium, and indium and a carrier on which the metal component is supported, the carrier including an oxide of a metal belonging to Group 4 of the periodic table. Also provided is an alcohol production method in which a carbonyl compound is treated using the above catalyst. It is possible to produce an alcohol by a hydrogenation reaction of a carbonyl compound with high selectivity and high efficiency while reducing side reactions.