The present invention provides a process of catalytic fluorination in gas phase of product 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane or/and 1,1,2,2,3-pentachloropropane into product 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene in presence of a catalyst.

The invention relates to converting non-aromatic hydrocarbon in the presence of CO.sub.2 to produce aromatic hydrocarbon. CO.sub.2 methanation using molecular hydrogen produced during the aromatization increases aromatic hydrocarbon yield. The invention also relates to equipment and materials useful in such upgrading, to processes for carrying out such upgrading, and to the use of such processes for, e.g., natural gas upgrading.

A selective nickel-based hydrogenation catalyst and the preparation thereof, characterized in that: provided that the catalyst is weighed 100%, it comprises nickel oxide 14-20% as active component, lanthanum oxide and/or cerium oxide 2-8%, and VIB element oxide 1-8% as aids, 2-8% silica, 1-8% alkaline earth metal oxides, and alumina as the balance. The catalyst specific surface area is 60-150 m.sup.2/g, and the pore volume is 0.4-0.6 ml/g. The catalyst has good hydrogenation performance, especially impurity and colloid resistance and hydrogenation stability. The catalyst can be applied to the diolefin selective hydrogenation of medium or low-distillate oil, especially of the full-distillates pyrolysis gasoline.

Provided are a catalyst for methane reformation and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein the catalyst includes a porous metal support; a primary coating layer provided on the porous metal support; and a secondary coating layer provided on the primary coating layer, wherein the primary coating layer includes a perovskite-based compound having a coefficient of thermal expansion of 65% or greater compared to a coefficient of thermal expansion of the porous metal support, the secondary coating layer includes a perovskite-based catalyst particle and a perovskite-based binder, and the perovskite-based catalyst particle and the perovskite-based binder each independently include a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1,

Sr.sub.1-xA.sub.xTi.sub.1-yB.sub.yO.sub.3-[Chemical Formula 1] wherein all the variables are described herein.

A process for preparing hydrogen by a catalytic conversion of sour natural gas, including feeding sour natural gas and one or more H2S recycled streams, optionally mixed with fresh CO2, to a reformer reactor packed with a catalyst activated in-situ by sulfidation. An apparatus for carrying out the process, to convert sour natural gas to sweet natural gas, hydrogen and carbon disulfide, and catalysts that can be used in the process, are also disclosed.

Described herein are catalysts, methods of making same, and methods of using same. The catalysts are especially useful for converting CO.sub.2 to solid carbon. Also described herein are carbon nanoproduct reinforced composites and methods of using same.

A method for improving the stability of a catalyst in recycling HFC-23 is provided. The recycling is realized by means of a fluorine-chlorine exchange reaction with HFC-23 and a halogenated hydrocarbon. The catalyst for the fluorine-chlorine exchange reaction comprises a main body catalyst and a metal oxide, wherein the metal oxide is selected from at least one metal oxide of K, Na, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn or Ti, and has an addition amount of 0.1-5 wt %. The method has advantages such as a good catalyst stability, a long life, and a low content of by-product CFC-12.