A process for producing unsaturated nitrile, using a fluidized bed reactor having an internal space having a catalyst capable of being fluidized therein, a feed opening to feed a starting material gas comprising hydrocarbon to the internal space, and a discharge port to discharge a reaction product gas from the internal space, the process comprising a reaction step of subjecting the hydrocarbon to a vapor phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction in the presence of the catalyst in the internal space to produce the corresponding unsaturated nitrile, wherein when in the internal space, a space where an existing amount of the catalyst per unit volume is 150 kg/m.sup.3 or more is defined as a dense zone and a space where an existing amount of the catalyst per unit volume is less than 150 kg/m.sup.3 is defined as a sparse zone in the reaction step, a gas residence time in the sparse zone is 5 to 50 sec.

Multimetal oxide composition comprising Mo, Bi, Fe, Cu and one or more than one of the elements Co and Ni and use thereof.

Oxidative dehydrogenation is an alternative to the energy extensive steam cracking process presently used for the production of olefins from paraffins, but has not been implemented commercially partially due to the unstable nature of hydrocarbon/oxygen mixtures, and partially due to the cost involved in the construction of new facilities. An oxidative dehydrogenation chemical complex designed to reduce costs by including integration of an oxygen separation module that also addresses safety concerns and reduces emission of greenhouse gases is described.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons which is based on iron oxide and a process for producing it. The catalyst comprises at least one iron compound, at least one potassium compound and from 11 to 24% by weight of at least one cerium compound, calculated as CeO.sub.2, wherein the at least one iron compound and the at least one potassium compound are at least partly present in the form of one or more K/Fe mixed oxide phases of the general formula K.sub.xFe.sub.yO.sub.z, where x is from 1 to 17; y is from 1 to 22 and z is from 2 to 34, and comprises at least 50% by weight, based on the total catalyst, of the K/Fe mixed oxide phases, and also a process for producing it.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of a high purity conjugated diolefin. The method for production of a conjugated diolefin of the present invention comprises steps of supplying a source gas containing a C4 or higher monoolefin and an oxygen-containing gas into a reactor, bringing a catalyst into contact with the gas mixture, compressing a gas containing a conjugated diolefin produced by an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a liquefied gas and rinsing the liquefied gas with water.

A method for producing a catalyst according to the present invention includes: a preparation step of preparing a precursor slurry comprising molybdenum, bismuth, iron, silica, and a carboxylic acid; a drying step of spray-drying the precursor slurry and thereby obtaining a dried particle; and a calcination step of calcining the dried particle, wherein the preparation step comprises: a step (I) of mixing a starting material for silica with the carboxylic acid and thereby preparing a silica-carboxylic acid mixed liquid; and a step (II) of mixing the silica-carboxylic acid mixed liquid, molybdenum, bismuth, and iron.

A highly active quaternary mixed transition metal oxide material has been developed. The material may be sulfided to generate metal sulfides which are used as a catalyst in a conversion process such as hydroprocessing. The hydroprocessing may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Provided are a method of preparing a multicomponent bismuth-molybdenum composite metal oxide catalyst, and a multicomponent bismuth-molybdenum composite metal oxide catalyst prepared thereby. According to the preparation method, since the almost same structure as that of a typical quaternary bismuth-molybdenum catalyst may be obtained by performing two-step co-precipitation, i.e., primary and secondary co-precipitation, of metal components constituting the catalyst, the reduction of catalytic activity due to the deformation of the structure of the catalyst may be suppressed. Also, since the multicomponent bismuth-molybdenum composite metal oxide catalyst may adjust the number of lattice oxygens consumed during a reaction to increase the catalytic activity, the multicomponent bismuth-molybdenum composite metal oxide catalyst may reduce the formation of by-products and may improve the conversion rate of reactant and the yield of desired product in a catalytic reaction process using the above catalyst, particularly, a catalytic reaction process under a relatively low temperature condition.

A method for producing a catalyst according to the present invention includes: a preparation step of preparing a precursor slurry comprising molybdenum, bismuth, iron, silica, and a carboxylic acid; a drying step of spray-drying the precursor slurry and thereby obtaining a dried particle; and a calcination step of calcining the dried particle, wherein the preparation step comprises: a step (I) of mixing a starting material for silica with the carboxylic acid and thereby preparing a silica-carboxylic acid mixed liquid; and a step (II) of mixing the silica-carboxylic acid mixed liquid, molybdenum, bismuth, and iron.

The invention discloses a binder-free high strength and low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: (a) 60-85% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3; (b) 3-25% K.sub.2O; (c) 0.1-5% MoO.sub.3; (d) 3-20% CeO.sub.2; (e) 0.1-5% CaO; (f) 0.1-5% Na.sub.2O; (g) 0.1-5% MnO.sub.2, wherein the weight ratio of sodium oxide to manganese dioxide is 0.1-10, and no binder is added during the preparation of the catalyst. The low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst provided by the present invention contains no binder and maintains high strength, and has high activity and stability at low steam-to-oil ratio.