A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction containing silica and a metal oxide, wherein a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1).

Mo.sub.12Bi.sub.aFe.sub.bNi.sub.cCo.sub.dCe.sub.eCr.sub.fX.sub.gO.sub.h/(SiO.sub.2).sub.A (1) (in formula (1), X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs, 0.1?a?1, 1?b?3, 1?c?6.5, 1?d?6.5, 0.2?e?1.2, f?0.05, and 0.05?g?1 are satisfied, h satisfies valences of constituent elements excluding silica, A represents a content of silica (% by mass) and satisfies 35?A?48, and values of ?, ?, and ? calculated from the following expressions (2), (3), and (4) satisfy 0.03???0.08, 0.2???0.4, and 0.5???2.)

?=1.5a/(1.5(b+f)+c+d) (2)

?=1.5(b+f)/(c+d) (3)

?=d/c (4)

A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction containing silica and a metal oxide, wherein a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1).

Mo.sub.12Bi.sub.aFe.sub.bNi.sub.cCo.sub.dCe.sub.eCr.sub.fX.sub.gO.sub.h/(SiO.sub.2).sub.A (1) (in formula (1), X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs, 0.1?a?1, 1?b?3, 1?c?6.5, 1?d?6.5, 0.2?e?1.2, f?0.05, and 0.05?g?1 are satisfied, h satisfies valences of constituent elements excluding silica, A represents a content of silica (% by mass) and satisfies 35?A?48, and values of ?, ?, and ? calculated from the following expressions (2), (3), and (4) satisfy 0.03???0.08, 0.2???0.4, and 0.5???2.)

?=1.5a/(1.5(b+f)+c+d) (2)

?=1.5(b+f)/(c+d) (3)

?=d/c (4)

Methods and catalysts for producing ethylene and methanol from natural gas are presented. Methods include integration of oxidative conversion of methane to ethane, ethane in situ thermal cracking using the thermal heat generated thereby and direct hydrogenation of byproducts to methanol or oxidative CO.sub.2 autothermal reforming of methane to syngas.

This document relates to oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, oxygen, and iron; oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, oxygen, and aluminum; and oxidative dehydrogenation catalyst materials that include molybdenum, vanadium, oxygen, iron, and aluminum.

A method for producing butadiene comprises a step of obtaining a product gas containing butadiene, by feeding a raw-material gas containing straight-chain butene and an oxygen-containing gas containing molecular oxygen to a reactor and performing oxidative dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a composite oxide containing molybdenum and bismuth, and the concentration of hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms in the raw-material gas is 0.05 mol % to 7.0 mol %.

The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel. The fuel obtained from the process of the present disclosure is devoid of heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.

The hydrogenation catalyst for heavy hydrocarbon oil includes: at least one of metals in Group 6 of the periodic table being held by a zinc-containing alumina carrier containing 1% by mass to 15% by mass of zinc oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 2 ?m to 12 ?m based on the carrier; the average pore diameter being 18 nm to 35 nm, and the specific surface area being 70 m.sup.2/g to 150 m.sup.2/g. Also, the hydrogenation method for heavy hydrocarbon oil, includes, a catalytic reaction of heavy hydrocarbon oil in the presence of the hydrogenation catalyst, under the conditions of a temperature of 300? C. to 420? C., a pressure of 3 MPa to 20 MPa, a hydrogen/oil ratio of 400 m.sup.3/m.sup.3 to 3,000 m.sup.3/m.sup.3, and a liquid space velocity of 0.1 h.sup.?1 to 3 h.sup.?1.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a supported catalyst, a catalyst which is obtainable using the method, and use thereof for the partial oxidation or ammoxidation of olefins, in particular for the oxidation of propene to acrolein, of isobutene to methacrolein, and/or the ammoxidation of propene to acrylonitrile. The method according to the invention includes the following steps: a) providing a solution in which precursor compounds of the catalytically active component are essentially completely dissolved in a suitable solvent; b) bringing the solution obtained in step a) into contact with a (chemically) inert, porous support having a specific surface of 1 to 500 m.sup.2/g; c) heat treatment of the material obtained in step b), in which the precursor compounds of the catalytically active component are converted to their oxides.

The invention discloses a binder-free high strength and low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: (a) 60-85% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3; (b) 3-25% K.sub.2O; (c) 0.1-5% MoO.sub.3; (d) 3-20% CeO.sub.2; (e) 0.1-5% CaO; (f) 0.1-5% Na.sub.2O; (g) 0.1-5% MnO.sub.2, wherein the weight ratio of sodium oxide to manganese dioxide is 0.1-10; (h) 0.1-100 ppm of at least one element or oxide of Pb, Pt, Pd, Ag, Au, Sn; and no binder is added during the preparation of the catalyst. The low steam-to-oil ratio ethylbenzene dehydrogenation catalyst provided by the present invention contains no binder and maintains high strength, and has high activity and stability at low steam-to-oil ratio.

A catalyst for a fluidized bed ammoxidation reaction containing silica and a metal oxide, wherein a composite of the silica and the metal oxide is represented by the following formula (1).

Mo.sub.12Bi.sub.aFe.sub.bNi.sub.cMg.sub.dCo.sub.eCe.sub.fCr.sub.gZn.sub.hX.sub.iO.sub.j/(SiO.sub.2).sub.A (1)

(in formula (1), X is selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, and Cs, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and i, each satisfy 0.1?a?1, 0.5?b?4, 0.5?c?6.5, 0.2?d?2.5, 0.5?e?7, 0.2?f?1.2, g?0.05, n?4, and 0.05?i?1, A represents a content of silica (% by mass) in the composite and satisfies 35?A?48, and values of ?, ?, and ? calculated by the following expressions (2), (3), and (4) satisfy 0.03???0.12, 0.1???0.7, and 0.2???4.)

?=1.5a/(1.5(b+g)+c+d+e+h) (2)

?=1.5(b+g)/(c+d+e+h) (3)

?=e/(c+d+h) (4)