A catalyst comprising Mo, Bi, and Fe, and satisfying, in an X-ray diffraction analysis, 0.10<P/R<0.18 and 0.06<Q/R<0.30 where P represents a peak intensity at 2θ=22.9±0.2°, Q represents a peak intensity at 2θ=28.1±0.1°, and R represents a peak intensity at 2θ=26.6±0.2°.

The present disclosure provides catalysts, comprising: copper; zinc; one or more first elements selected from iron, nickel, or cobalt; aluminum; oxygen; optionally, one or more second elements selected from a Group V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI metal (e.g., manganese, silver, niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, ruthenium, or palladium); and optionally, one or more Group IA metals, and wherein the first element is present in an amount of about 1 to about 40 wt. % (e.g., about 1 to about 10 wt. %, about 25 to about 40 wt. %, about 30 to about 40 wt. %, or about 35 to about 40 wt. %) of the total amount of the copper, zinc, first element, the optional second element, and the optional Group IA metal, and methods of using said catalyst in the production of ethanol and higher alcohols from carbon dioxide.

An acid-resistant alloy catalyst, comprising nickel, one or more rare earth element, tin, aluminum and molybdenum. The catalyst is cheap and stable, does not need a carrier, can be stably applied in industrial continuous production, and can lower the production cost.

There are provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene, a manufacturing method of the same, and an ammoxidation method of propylene using the same. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, a catalyst is realized with a structure in which metal oxide is supported on a silica carrier, and thus, using mesopores useful for adsorption and desorption of gas, a high reaction surface area can be provided, and ultimately, ammoxidation of propylene can be increased.

A method of loading granules into reaction tubes of a vertical multitube reactor installed in a vertical direction by dropping the granules from above each of the reaction tubes in a state that a linear member is inserted and suspended in the reaction tube. The reaction tube has an effective length of 1000 mm or more. The linear member includes a small-diameter portion positioned on an upper side and a large-diameter portion continuously extending from the small-diameter portion. The small-diameter portion has an outer diameter (Ra) of 5.0 mm or less, and the large-diameter portion has an outer diameter (Rb) of 5.0 to 15.0 mm larger than the outer diameter (Ra). A length of the small-diameter portion from an upper end of the reaction tube is 10.0 mm or more. A distance between an upper surface of a granule loaded layer formed inside the reaction tube and a lower end of the linear member inserted in the reaction tube is 100 mm or more.

There are provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene, a manufacturing method of the same, and an ammoxidation method of propylene using the same. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene that not only exhibits high activity to ammoxidation of propylene, but also has high amorphous phase content.

There are provided an ammoxidation catalyst for propylene, a manufacturing method of the same, and an ammoxidation method of propylene using the same. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a catalyst having a structure in which metal oxide is supported on a silica carrier, having narrow particle size distribution, and having excellent attrition loss.

Oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts including mixed oxides of Mo, V, Nb, Te, and optionally a promoter may be dissolved in aqueous solutions of oxalic acid. This permits the removal of catalyst and catalyst residues from reactors for the oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins and particularly ethane.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions containing a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or formula (II) as described herein, their preparation, and their use in a process for ammoxidation of various organic compounds to their corresponding nitriles and to the selective catalytic oxidation of excess NH.sub.3 present in effluent gas streams to N.sub.2 and/or NO.sub.x.

The present invention relates to an impregnated supported catalyst, a carbon nanotube aggregate, and a method for producing the carbon nanotube aggregate. The carbon nanotube aggregate includes a four-component catalyst in which catalytic components and active components are supported on a granular support, and bundle type carbon nanotubes grown on the catalyst. The carbon nanotube aggregate has an average particle diameter of 100 to 800 μm, a bulk density of 80 to 250 kg/m.sup.3, and a spherical or potato-like shape.