Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst in the presence of steam to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 30 wt. % olefins; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins.

Provided is a method for preparing a lower unsaturated fatty acid ester, which comprises carrying out an aldol condensation reaction between dimethoxymethane (DMM) and a lower acid or ester with a molecular formula of R.sub.1CH.sub.2COOR.sub.2 on an acidic molecular sieve catalyst in an inert atmosphere to obtain a lower unsaturated fatty acid or ester(CH.sub.2C(R.sub.1)COOR.sub.2), wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are groups each independently selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 saturated alkyl group.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a zeolite by hydrothermal heating of silica precursor and alumina precursor along with a combination of two structure-directing organic templates, N,N-dimethyl formamide and 1,6-diaminohexane in the presence of an alkali. The use of two structure-directing organic templates, not only reduces the crystallization time but also enables the preparation of more catalytically active ZSM-22 of submicron crystallite size. The present invention also provides a process of preparing a noble metal containing zeolite catalyst for hydroisomerization of long chain n-paraffins.

A molecular sieve has a silica/alumina molar ratio of 100-300, and has a mesopore structure. One closed hysteresis loop appears in the range of P/P.sub.0=0.4-0.99 in the low temperature nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption curve, and the starting location of the closed hysteresis loop is in the range of P/P.sub.0=0.4-0.7. The catalyst formed from the molecular sieve as a solid acid not only has a good capacity of isomerization to reduce the freezing point, but also can produce a high yield of the product with a lower pour point. The process for preparing the catalyst involves steps including crystallization, filtration, calcination, and hydrothermal treatment.

Provided is a method for preparing a lower unsaturated fatty acid ester, which comprises carrying out an aldol condensation reaction between dimethoxymethane (DMM) and a lower acid or ester with a molecular formula of R.sub.1CH.sub.2COOR.sub.2 on an acidic molecular sieve catalyst in an inert atmosphere to obtain a lower unsaturated fatty acid or ester(CH.sub.2C(R.sub.1)COOR.sub.2), wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are groups each independently selected from the group consisting of H- and C.sub.1-C.sub.4 saturated alkyl group.

The instant disclosure provides a composition for fluid catalytic cracking of petroleum based feedstock into useful short chain olefins. The composition comprising: 76-86% of a non-zeolitic material; and 2-30% of at least one zeolite material, the percentage being based on weight of the catalyst composition, wherein one of the zeolites has been modified with 0.1-2.5 wt % metal. The said catalyst was found to be selective in enhancing the usable propylene gas content, while reducing the undesirable dry gas content of the cracked olefinic products. The present disclosure also provides a process for the preparation of the composition. The present disclosure also provides an apparatus (100) and process (200) for fluid catalytic cracking to obtain light olefins. The apparatus comprises a second riser (33) that includes a lower dense riser (2) and upper dilute riser (3). Further, the lower dense riser (2) has a diameter that is 1.1 to 2 times that of the upper dilute riser (3).

Disclosed are processes for conversion of a feedstock comprising C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to lighter aromatic products in which the feedstock and optionally hydrogen are contacted in the presence of the catalyst composition under conversion conditions effective to dealkylate and transalkylate said C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to produce said lighter aromatic products comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. The catalyst composition comprises a zeolite, a first metal, and a second metal, and is treated with a source of sulfur and/or a source of steam.

Disclosed are processes for conversion of a feedstock comprising C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons to lighter aromatic products in which the feedstock and optionally hydrogen are contacted in the presence of a first and a second catalyst composition under conversion conditions effective to produce said lighter aromatic products comprising benzene, toluene and xylene. In the process, the C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons are dealkylated to form C.sub.6-C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbon and the C.sub.2+ olefins formed are saturated. The remaining C.sub.8+ aromatic hydrocarbons are transalkylated with the C.sub.6-C.sub.7 aromatic hydrocarbon. The first and second catalyst compositions each comprise a zeolite, a first metal, and optionally a second metal, and are treated with a source of sulfur and/or a source of steam.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a zeolite by hydrothermal heating of silica precursor and alumina precursor along with a combination of two structure-directing organic templates, N,N-dimethyl formamide and 1,6-diaminohexane in the presence of an alkali. The use of two structure-directing organic templates, not only reduces the crystallization time but also enables the preparation of more catalytically active ZSM-22 of submicron crystallite size. The present invention also provides a process of preparing a noble metal containing zeolite catalyst for hydroisomerization of long chain n-paraffins.

A method for preparing liquid fuel by direct conversion of syngas uses the syngas as reaction raw material and conducts a catalytic conversion reaction on a fixed bed or a moving bed. The catalyst is a composite catalyst formed by compounding component I and component II in a mechanical mixing mode. The active ingredient of the component I is a metal oxide, and the component II is at least one of zeolites with one-dimensional ten-membered ring porous channels; and a weight ratio of the active ingredient in the component I to that in the component II is 0.1-20. The reaction process has high product yield and selectivity. The selectivity for liquid fuel composed of C.sub.5-C.sub.11 can reach 50-80%. The selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbon is less than 40% in C.sub.5-C.sub.11, while the selectivity for methane side product is less than 15%.