A system and methods for manufacturing a base oil stock from a light hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking a light hydrocarbon stream to form an impure olefinic stream, separating water from the impure olefinic stream, and oligomerizing the impure olefinic stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream from the raw oligomer stream and linear alpha olefins are recovered from the light olefinic stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. They hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base oil stock.

The disclosure relates to dicarbonyl complexes of ruthenium and osmium with bi- and tridentate nitrogen and phosphine ligands. The disclosure relates to methods for preparing these complexes and the use of these complexes, isolated or prepared in situ, as catalysts for reduction reactions of ketones and aldehydes both via transfer hydrogenation or hydrogenation with hydrogen.

The present disclosure provides novel methods of making aluminum complexes with utility for promoting epoxide carbonylation reactions. Methods include reacting neutral metal carbonyl compounds with alkylaluminum complexes. For example, a compound of formula I: ##STR00001##
is reacted with a neutral metal carbonyl compound (such as Q′.sub.dM.sub.e(CO).sub.w′) to produce an aluminum-based carbonylation catalyst: ##STR00002##

Methods of preparing fluorinated compounds by carboxylative fluorination using fluoride are contained herein. Fluorinated compounds are provided. Methods of using fluorinated compounds are contained herein.

Disclosed is a polyoxometalate compound including a metal-substituted polyoxometalate. The metal-substituted polyoxometalate includes a polyoxometalate having defect sites, a substituting metal atom introduced into the defect sites, and an organic ligand. The substituting metal atom is divalent platinum or palladium. The organic ligand may be a bidentate ligand having an aliphatic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms coordinately bonded to the substituting metal atom. One substituting metal atom is introduced into one defect site.

The present invention provides a method for preparing 1,5-pentanediol via hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. The catalyst used in the method is prepared by supporting a noble metal and a promoter on an organic polymer supporter or an inorganic hybrid material supporter, wherein the supporter is functionalized by a nitrogen-containing ligand. When the catalyst is used in the hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to prepare 1,5-pentanediol, a good reaction activity and a high selectivity can be achieved. The promoter and the nitrogen-containing ligand in the supporter are bound to the catalyst through coordination, thereby the loss of the promoter is significantly decreased, and the catalyst has a particularly high stability. The lifetime investigation of the catalyst, which has been reused many times or used continuously for a long term, suggests that the catalyst has no obvious change in performance, thus reducing the overall process production cost.

In one aspect, oligomeric and polymeric species are described herein exhibiting new architectures and associated properties. In some embodiments, such species are synthesized by oligomerization or polymerization of diene monomer via cycloaddition in the presence of a transition metal complex. Oligomers described herein, for example, comprise cyclobutane units in the oligomer backbone. Similarly, a polymers described herein comprise cyclobutane units in the polymer backbone.

A polydentate organic ligand, a preparation method and an application method thereof, a mnetallo-supramolecular polymer and a preparation method thereof are provided. A structure of triphenylamine is combined with a structure of phenanthroline to serve as the polydentate organic ligand, which takes advantages of a large-volume distortion structure and excellent electroactivity of the triphenylamrine. The polydentate organic ligands have good solubility, which provides lower-cost and diversified methods for preparing the metallo-supramolecular polymers. Meanwhile, the phenanthroline has a rigid structure and a conjugated large bond in its molecule, which facilitates chelating coordination with metal ions to form a stable compound. Therefore, the polydentate organic ligand enables the metallo-supramolecular polymer to have good transferability, stable electroactivity, and high conversion speed, i.e., fast response speed, excellent electrochromic cycling stability and long service lifetime.

The present invention disclosed to a novel nickel catalyst of formula (I) process for preparation of the same and use of nickel catalyst of formula (I) for CH bond alkylation, and benzylation of heteroarenes.

An oxidative homocoupling method of synthesizing certain 2,2-bithiophenes from thiophenes using oxygen as the terminal oxidant is disclosed. In non-limiting examples, the method uses oxygen along with a catalytic system that includes palladium, an assistive ligand, and a non-palladium metal additive to catalyze one of the following reactions:

##STR00001##

Associated catalytic systems and compositions are also disclosed.