Provided herein are transition metal complexes that are useful in the acceptorless dehydrogenation of various substrates, including alkanes. Also provided are methods of dehydrogenating substrates to provide unsaturated products such as olefins.

Provided herein are metal-organic frameworks having a repeating core structure that generally includes a linker coordinated to a secondary building unit through O-metal-O bonds. The linkers create a framework with a plurality of pores, where a cobalt carbonyl moiety occupies at least a portion of the plurality of pores. Provided are also methods of making such metal-organic frameworks via a solvothermal reaction. The metal-organic frameworks are suitable for use in carbonylation reactions, such as carbonylation of epoxides. The metal-organic frameworks may be used for producing acrylic acid from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide on an industrial scale. The production may involve various unit operations, including for example a beta-propiolactone production system configured to produce beta-propiolactone from ethylene oxide and carbon monoxide; a polypropiolactone production system configured to produce polypropiolactone from beta-propiolactone; and an acrylic acid production system configured to produce acrylic acid with a high purity by thermolysis of polypropiolactone.

Provided herein are transition metal complexes that are useful in the acceptorless dehydrogenation of various substrates, including alkanes. Also provided are methods of dehydrogenating substrates to provide unsaturated products such as olefins.

A method of synthesising a Pt(II) complex includes a first step of preparing a reaction mixture comprising a water-soluble hexachloroplatinate salt and a compound according to Formula I′, or salt thereof, and allowing the water-soluble hexachloroplatinate salt and the compound according to Formula I′ to react and a second step of adding a further quantity of the compound according to Formula I′, or a salt thereof, to the reaction mixture. Products of this method are Pt(II) complexes according to Formula I The Pt(II) complexes are useful as catalysts in hydrosilylation reactions.

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A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.

The disclosure relates to chemical synthesis, and more particularly to a biphenyltetradentate phosphite compound and a preparation and application thereof. The compound has a structure of formula(I):

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The current invention relates a process for making and using a bulk catalyst precursor (i.e. no support material is added as such) comprising Ni and Mo and/or W and an organic component, wherein the molar ratio of C:(Mo+W) ranges from 1.5 to 10. The bulk catalyst precursor is prepared from a mixture of metal-precursors with an organic agent. The organic agent is partly decomposed to form a mixed metal-oxide/C phase which is in effect the bulk catalyst precursor. This bulk catalyst precursor (i) is effectively insoluble in water (ii) does not have any appreciable pore volume or surface area and (iii) does not contain a (nano)crystalline metal-oxide phase as characterized by XRD.

A new family of Group IV transition metal catalytic compounds are provided, which are capable of catalysing the ROP of cyclic esters and cyclic amides to yield polymers of high molecular weight and narrow PDI. The new family of catalysts are surprisingly active not only in catalysing the ROP of lactones such as caprolactone, but also macrolactones (e.g. ω-pentadecalactone, PDL), where the reduced amount of ring strain would typically compromise efficient polymerisation. Also provided is a process for the ring opening polymerisation (ROP) of a cyclic ester or a cyclic amide employing the new catalytic compounds.

The instant disclosure provides a process for synthesis of compound of Formula:

X.sub.a- M.sup.z+-Y.sub.b,

wherein M.sup.z+ is a transition metal ion and X and Y are carboxylate anions. The catalysts are hydrocarbon soluble and the process for their preparation, as disclosed herein, constitutes an elegant method for the preparation of such catalysts.

A catalyst system has been designed that disrupts the sedimentation process. The catalyst system achieves this by saturating key feed components before the feed components are stripped into their incompatible aromatic cores. The efficacy of this disruptive catalyst system is particularly evident in a hydrocracker configuration that runs in two-stage-recycle operation. The catalyst is a self-supported multi-metallic catalyst prepared from a precursor in the hydroxide form, and the catalyst must be toward the top level of the second stage of the two-stage system.