The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

This invention is based on the discovery that homogeneous catalysts, [Rh(C.sub.2H.sub.4).sub.2Cl].sub.2 and/or [Rh(COD).sub.2][BF.sub.4], can be used to produce spinetoram in higher yields at lower catalyst loadings as compared to previous methodologies. In addition, one or more phosphorus ligand donors can also be added to further increase yields/efficiency. The methods and/or systems provided herein enable cost-effective ways to produce spinetoram in large quantity with relatively simple procedures.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) compositions based on chiral phosphine-, chiral oxazoline-, chiral pyridine-, and chiral diene-derived organic bridging ligands were synthesized and then post-synthetically metalated with metal precursors such as Ru and Rh complexes. The metal complexes could also be directly incorporated into the MOFs. The MOFs provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of asymmetric organic transformations, including the addition of arylboronic acids to ,-unsaturated ketones and alkimines, the hydrogenation of substituted alkene and carbonyl compounds, and cyclization reactions. The solid catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

An aryl phosphine with fused ring ortho-alkoxy substitution that includes an aryl monophosphine and an aryl bi-sphosphme.

A composition contains (A) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst and (B) an aliphatically unsaturated compound having an average, per molecule, of one or more aliphatically unsaturated organic groups capable of undergoing hydrosilylation reaction. The composition is capable of reacting via hydrosilylation reaction to form a reaction product, such as a silane, a gum, a gel, a rubber, or a resin. Ingredient (A) contains a metal-ligand complex that can be prepared by a method including reacting a metal precursor and a ligand.