In a cooled axial/radial flow converter, in which process gas passes from an outer annulus via a catalyst bed to an inner centre tube, the catalyst bed is divided into identical modules stacked on top of each other. The process gas reaches the catalyst through openings facing the outer annulus, passes axially down the catalyst bed of each module, leaves the module through collectors in the bottom thereof, and flows to the centre tube. The catalyst bed is cooled by cooling panels, in which the process gas is pre-heated to the reaction temperature, while at the same time the heat of reaction is partly removed from the catalyst bed. The converter is especially suitable as ammonia converter.

A reactor for hydrocarbon production that separates wax reaction products from lightweight gaseous reaction products. The reactor has a housing, a catalyst bed, a product recovery zone, and a stripping zone. The catalyst bed can be provided in multi-tubular and other fixed bed configurations. The stripping zone receives light-weight gas reaction products from the product recovery zone, while a gas outlet of the housing receives non-lightweight gaseous hydrocarbon reaction products from the product recovery zone. A wax outlet of the housing receives wax products from the product recovery zone.

The invention relates to a catalytic reactor suited for exothermal reactions with a radial process fluid flow and process fluid flow guides which ensures an extended fluid flow path and higher flow velocity and thereby enhanced cooling of the catalyst bed in the reactor.

A fixed-bed tubular reactor that extends between first and second ends and includes a bed of catalyst powder confined in an annular space located between an outer wall of a hollow tube and an inner wall of a hollow insert, which comprises a distribution chamber and a collection chamber. The inner wall is covered with a permselective membrane allowing partial removal of at least one reaction product, in that it comprises at least one make-up chamber separated from the at least one distribution chamber and collecting chamber by at least one first dividing wall. The at least one make-up chamber includes an inlet port for at least one make-up fluid and an outlet port for the at least one make-up fluid.