The present invention relates a two-stage reactor for exothermal, reversible reactions. In particular, the reactor contains a first semi-isothermal stage followed by a second cooling stage. The reactor allows for high conversion of products in an exothermal, reversible reaction.

A catalyst arrangement disposed within a vertical reaction tube includes a structured catalyst within an upper part of the reaction tube, a particulate catalyst beneath the structured catalyst in a lower part of the reaction tube, and a catalyst support device located between the structured catalyst and the particulate catalyst, wherein the catalyst support device includes a cylindrical body having a first end adapted for connection to the structured catalyst, and a second end, and the cylindrical body has a diameter 70-90% of the internal diameter of the tube and a length/diameter in the range 0.5-2.5.

The present invention provides a cold-wall reactor for suspension-bed hydrogenation, comprising a reactor body, which is provided with a reaction product outlet arranged at the top thereof, a cold hydrogen gas inlet arranged on a side wall thereof and a feed inlet arranged at bottom thereof, and the reactor body comprises, in a sequence from external to internal, a housing, a surfacing layer and a thermal insulation liner, and an inner liner cylinder, which is fixedly arranged inside the reactor body and is provided with an outlet on top thereof and an inlet on bottom thereof, wherein the outlet of the inner liner cylinder is connected with the reaction product outlet in a sealing manner, and the inlet of the inner liner cylinder is communicated with the feed inlet, wherein a side wall of the inner lining cylinder and an inner side wall of the reactor body define a cavity serving as a first circulation channel, wherein a second circulation channel is arranged on the side wall of the inner lining cylinder, and wherein an interior of the inner lining cylinder is communicated with the first circulation channel through the second circulation channel; by using the cold-wall reactor for suspension-bed hydrogenation, the material temperature is more uniform and reaction efficiency is improved, materials coking is reduced. In addition the falling and damaging of the thermal insulation liner is prevented, and the temperature of the outer wall of the reactor body is lower than the temperature of the medium.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (SSOI). The SSOI comprises a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region, and a second reaction stage. The SSOI may be configured for upflow or downflow operation. Further, the open interstage region of the SSOI may comprise a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI may further comprise a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. Processes for producing acrylic acid through the oxidation of propylene are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (SSOI). The SSOI comprises a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region, and a second reaction stage. The SSOI may be configured for upflow or downflow operation. Further, the open interstage region of the SSOI may comprise a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI may further comprise a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. Processes for producing acrylic acid through the oxidation of propylene are also disclosed.

A cracking reaction device includes a preheating section, a lightening section, a reduced-pressure gasification section and a cracking section that are connected sequentially. A method for producing olefins by cracking involves pressurizing a cracking feedstock and water; subjecting the pressurized cracking feedstock and water to a first heating; subjecting the first heated cracking feedstock and water to a second heating and lightening the cracking feedstock in the presence of water to obtain a lightened mixture; gasifying the lightened mixture under a reduced pressure and subjected to a third heating to obtain a third heated mixture; and cracking the third heated mixture at a cracking temperature in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked product containing olefins.

Methods for producing olefins may include contacting a hydrocarbon feed stream with a particulate solid, the contacting of the hydrocarbon feed stream with the particulate solid reacting the hydrocarbon feed stream to form a product stream. The method may include separating the particulate solid from the product stream and passing at least a portion of the product stream and the hydrocarbon feed stream through a feed stream preheater. The feed stream preheater may include a shell and tube heat exchanger comprising a shell, a plurality of tubes extending axially through the shell, a shell side inlet, a shell side outlet, a tube side inlet, a tube side outlet, an inlet tube sheet, and an outlet tube sheet. The outlet tube sheet may be connected to the shell by an expansion joint.

The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.