In a catalytic reaction, after a reaction product leaves a catalyst bed, an inert substance with a low temperature is sprayed, and through heat absorption and vaporization processes of the inert substance, the temperature of the reaction product drops rapidly when staying in a catalyst cushion layer at a discharge end of a fixed bed reactor, or in a space formed by the catalyst cushion layer at the discharge end of the fixed bed reactor and a reactor head, or in a space formed by a tube plate at the discharge end of the fixed bed reactor and the reactor head. The residence time of the reaction product is shortened due to the entrance of the inert substance in a gaseous state.

In an adiabatic axial flow converter, in which process gas passes from an outer annulus via a catalyst bed, wherein the process gas is converted to a product, to an inner centre tube, the catalyst bed comprises at least one module comprising one or more catalyst layers. Feed means are arranged to provide a flow of process gas from the outer annulus to an inlet part of one or more modules, and collector means are arranged to provide a flow of product stream of converted process gas which passes axially through the catalyst bed of one or more of the modules to the centre tube.

The present invention relates to a method of removing nitrate compounds from solid adipic acid.

The present disclosure relates to circulating fluidized bed apparatuses for dehydrogenation of alkanes to alkenes with higher yield and selectivity. The apparatus includes a riser-type reactor, a separator section, a regenerator and a withdrawal well disposed downstream to the regenerator. The apparatus includes a transfer line to receive hot regenerated catalyst free of oxygen from the withdrawal well, and to pre-treat the catalyst with a reducing gas to regulate-oxidation state of metals on the catalyst before reintroducing the catalyst to the riser-type reactor. The transfer line is formed in an elongated U-shaped pipe such that the oxidation state of the metals on the catalyst is regulated by the time the pre-treated catalyst reaches the bottom of the riser-type reactor.

Method for stable ethanol steam reforming, wherein a catalytic ethanol reforming is carried out in two vessels operating in parallel mode both filled in with a catalyst active for this reaction, with the first vessel acting in operation mode, generating an hydrogen rich stream, and the parallel vessel, acting in regeneration mode, made flowing with steam in order to carry out the gasification of carbonaceous compounds deposited on the catalyst.

A method and device for lightening heavy oil by utilizing a suspension-bed hydrogenation process are provided. In the process, a part of a raw oil is mixed with a suspension-bed hydrocracking catalyst to form a first mixture, then the first mixture is subjected to first shear and second shear in sequence so as to realize high dispersion and mixing of the catalyst and the raw oil; through pretreatment of the raw oil, the device can prevent the raw oil from coking in the hydrogenation process; through the adoption of a suspension-bed reactor with a liquid phase self-circulation function or a cold-wall function; and light and heavy components are separated from the suspension-bed hydrogenated product in advance and only medium component is subjected to fixed-bed hydrogenation, thereby reducing the load of the fixed-bed hydrogenation, prolonging the service life of the fixed-bed catalyst, improving the yield and quality of gasoline and diesel, and being beneficial for energy conservation and emission reduction of the whole system.

A hydroprocessing system having a processing vessel that discharges a high temperature effluent that must be cooled prior to collection in a reflux drum. One or more gas assisted spray nozzle are provided that utilize light atomizing gas having a density of 8-15 times less than air, such as hydrogen, which preferably is the processing or recycle gas of the system. The spray nozzles are designed for the efficient atomization and direction of cooling water into a micron sized droplet distribution utilizing the light atomizing gas for affecting higher mass and heat transfer from the effluent. The spray nozzles each include a unique atomizing gas and cooling liquid passageway systems, a downstream impingement post, and a plurality of discharge orifices which sequentially breakdown the liquid into micron sized droplets as low as 500 microns and less.

In an adiabatic axial flow converter, in which process gas passes from an outer annulus via a catalyst bed, wherein the process gas is converted to a product, to an inner centre tube, the catalyst bed comprises at least one module comprising one or more catalyst layers. Feed means are arranged to provide a flow of process gas from the outer annulus to an inlet part of one or more modules, and collector means are arranged to provide a flow of product stream of converted process gas which passes axially through the catalyst bed of one or more of the modules to the centre tube.

The present invention relates to a method of removing nitrate compounds from solid adipic acid.

A plant for the manufacture of tetrafluoropropene comprises three reactors for reaction in the gas phase comprising a catalyst bed. The first and second reactor are each configured in order to be fed in turn by a device for feeding with a reaction stream comprising a compound B and hydrofluoric acid; and a device for feeding with a regeneration stream configured in order to feed the reactor with a regeneration stream comprising an oxidizing agent. The third reactor is configured in order to be fed in turn by a device for feeding with a reaction stream comprising a compound A and hydrofluoric acid; said compound A being different from said compound B; and a device for feeding with a regeneration stream configured in order to feed the reactor with a regeneration stream comprising an oxidizing agent.