Devices and methods for de novo synthesis of large and highly accurate libraries of oligonucleic acids are provided herein. Devices include structures having a main channel and microchannels, where the microchannels have a high surface area to volume ratio. Devices disclosed herein provide for de novo synthesis of oligonucleic acids having a low error rate.

The present invention provides manipulation of spacing between microdroplets flowing in a microfluidic system. The manipulation includes increasing and/or decreasing spacing between a pair of adjacent droplets of a sample fluid flowing in an immiscible carrier fluid within a main microfluidic channel. The main microfluidic channel includes a region having one or more side branch channels. The spacing between the pair of droplets flowing through the region can be increased or reduced with either the addition of or removal of immiscible carrier fluid between the adjacent droplets via at least one of the side branch channels, wherein the pair of droplets remain intact while flowing through the region and continue to flow within the main microfluidic channel downstream of the region.

The invention is a high-throughput voltage screening crystallographic device and methodology that uses multiple micro wells and electric circuits capable of assaying different crystallization condition for the same or different proteins of interest at the same of different voltages under a humidity and temperature controlled environment. The protein is solubilized in a lipid matrix similar to the lipid composition of the protein in the native environment to ensure stability of the protein during crystallization. The invention provides a system and method where the protein is transferred to a lipid matrix that holds a resting membrane potential, which reduces the degree of conformational freedom of the protein. The invention overcomes the majority of the difficulties associated with vapor diffusion techniques and essentially reconstitutes the protein in its native lipid environment under cuasi physiological conditions.

A method of making an assay device comprising providing micro-elements in the form of micro-particles or micro-length tube detection elements and thereafter with an automated tool, picking and placing the micro-elements into open-sided microfluidic channels in a body.

Devices and methods for de novo synthesis of large and highly accurate libraries of oligonucleic acids are provided herein. Devices include structures having a main channel and microchannels, where the microchannels have a high surface area to volume ratio. Devices disclosed herein provide for de novo synthesis of oligonucleic acids having a low error rate.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to determine placement of multiple reaction site openings, wherein each reaction site opening is connected to a first sub-surface channel; connect the first sub-surface channel to two or more additional sub-surface channels by multiple vias; and provide a material for multiple reaction sites, wherein an overlap of the multiple reaction site openings and the material delineate the multiple reaction sites.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A system includes at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured for determining placement of multiple reaction site openings, wherein each reaction site opening is connected to a first sub-surface channel; connecting the first sub-surface channel to two or more additional sub-surface channels by multiple vias; and providing a material for multiple reaction sites, wherein an overlap of the multiple reaction site openings and the material delineate the multiple reaction sites.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to deliver multiple items of chemical matter independently to multiple reaction sites of a flow cell array across multiple distinct instances of time; image multiple parallel chemical reactions at the multiple reaction sites of the flow cell array; and record an emission from each of the multiple chemical reactions site.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A system includes at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured for delivering multiple items of chemical matter independently to multiple reaction sites of a flow cell array across multiple distinct instances of time; imaging multiple parallel chemical reactions at the multiple reaction sites of the flow cell array; and recording an emission from each of the multiple chemical reactions site.

Apparatus, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to determine placement of one or more reaction sites on a first component; provide a material for the reaction sites in one or more surface channels of the first component; connect the first component to a second component to form an array, wherein the surface channels of the first component connect the reaction sites with one or more vias, and wherein the second component comprises the vias connected to multiple sub-surface channels; and align the surface channels of the first component with the vias of the second component to form a connection between the first component and the second component.