A nano-structured ceramic film with controlled pore size for the high throughput synthesis of oligonucleotides (DNA and RNA). The film can be cut into chips of predetermined size, and code printed for optical recognition in automated DNA synthesizers. The chips are easily activated under very mild conditions and silanization proceeds uniformly to allow reagents to flow unhindered through its open pores. Mono layer modifications, such as covalently bound silane coupling agents, allows for the addition of universal linkers and improved yields compared to conventional approaches.

The present disclosure provides systems, devices and methods for seeding cells or sets of molecules on a substrate by utilizing a seeding mesh, to obtain an essentially homogenous patterned seeding of the cells or sets of molecules on the mesh.

The present disclosure provides systems, kits, devices and methods for indirect transfer of multiple sets of nucleic-acid and other molecules to cells as exemplified by indirect transfection of sets of nucleic-acid molecules to viable cells.

An example of a flow cell includes a substrate; a first primer set attached to a first region on the substrate, the first primer set including an un-cleavable first primer and a cleavable second primer; and a second primer set attached to a second region on the substrate, the second primer set including a cleavable first primer and an un-cleavable second primer.

Inventions covered include methods, systems, and compositions for sample processing, involving morphology-adjustable (e.g., tunable on-demand) functionalized particles. In some embodiments, a method can include distributing a set of functionalized particles, in a first morphological state, across a set of partitions; transitioning the set of functionalized particles, at the set of partitions, from the first morphological state to a second morphological state; transitioning the set of functionalized particles, at the set of partitions, from the second morphological state to a third morphological state, and inducing interactions between the set of functionalized particles and a set of targets, within the set of partitions and according to a set of operations with a set of process fluids.

A method including (a) providing an amplification reagent including an array of sites, and a solution having different target nucleic acids; and (b) reacting the amplification reagent to produce amplification sites each having a clonal population of amplicons from a target nucleic acid from the solution. The reacting can include simultaneously transporting the nucleic acids to the sites at an average transport rate, and amplifying the nucleic acids that transport to the sites at an average amplification rate, wherein the average amplification rate exceeds the average transport rate. The reacting can include producing a first amplicon from a nucleic acid that transports to each of the sites, and producing subsequent amplicons from the nucleic acid or from the first amplicon, wherein the average rate at which the subsequent amplicons are generated exceeds the average rate at which the first amplicon is generated.

A method for making a biochip structure, includes: providing a substrate and forming a plurality of biochips on a surface of the substrate; forming a carrier on a side of the substrate having the biochips, defining a plurality of through holes in the substrate from a side of the substrate away from the carrier; and filling conductive material in each of the through holes to connect one of the biochips. The carrier defines a plurality of openings. Each opening cooperates with substrate to form a micro-channel, and one of the biochips is exposed in the micro-channel.

An array including a solid support having a plurality of contours along its exterior surface. A first subset of contours is positioned along the exterior surface of the solid support to form a first pattern of features and a second subset of contours is positioned along the exterior surface to form a second pattern of features. The contours of the first subset are juxtaposed with the second subset along the exterior surface, whereby the first and second patterns form an interleaved pattern. The features of the first pattern occur at a first elevation z.sub.1 and the features of the second pattern occur at a second elevation z.sub.2. The features of the first pattern are configured to attach analytes at a different elevation relative to analytes attached to the features of the second pattern.

In order to reduce the cost of producing a spot array substrate and reduce the cost of nucleic acid polymer analysis, a spot array substrate is used which is produced by preparing a resin substrate 402 having a surface on which an uneven pattern is formed and a plurality of bead sitting positions set in a two-dimensional array within the uneven pattern, and loading surface-modified beads onto the bead sitting positions of the resin substrate.

A method including (a) providing an amplification reagent including an array of sites, and a solution having different target nucleic acids; and (b) reacting the amplification reagent to produce amplification sites each having a clonal population of amplicons from a target nucleic acid from the solution. The reacting can include simultaneously transporting the nucleic acids to the sites at an average transport rate, and amplifying the nucleic acids that transport to the sites at an average amplification rate, wherein the average amplification rate exceeds the average transport rate. The reacting can include producing a first amplicon from a nucleic acid that transports to each of the sites, and producing subsequent amplicons from the nucleic acid or from the first amplicon, wherein the average rate at which the subsequent amplicons are generated exceeds the average rate at which the first amplicon is generated.