A microsphere-based analytic chemistry system and method for making the same is disclosed in which microspheres or particles carrying bioactive agents may be combined randomly or in ordered fashion and dispersed on a substrate to form an array while maintaining the ability to identify the location of bioactive agents and particles within the array using an optically interrogatable, optical signature encoding scheme. A wide variety of modified substrates may be employed which provide either discrete or non-discrete sites for accommodating the microspheres in either random or patterned distributions. The substrates may be constructed from a variety of materials to form either two-dimensional or three-dimensional configurations. In a preferred embodiment, a modified fiber optic bundle or array is employed as a substrate to produce a high density array. The disclosed system and method have utility for detecting target analytes and screening large libraries of bioactive agents.

The present invention provides a formulation to link protein to a solid support that comprises one or more proteins, Oligo-dT and one or more non-volatile, water-soluble protein solvents, solutes or combination thereof in an aqueous solution. Further provided is a method of attaching a protein to a surface of a substrate. The formulations provided herein are contacted onto the substrate surface, printed thereon and air dried. The substrate surface is irradiated with UV light to induce thymidine photochemical crosslinking via the thymidine moieties of the Oligo-dT.

Positioning structures in at least one indentation present on a or in a support, wherein said indentation is an indentation having a diameter in the nanometer range, makes it possible to position the structure in the indentation substantially centrally with defined orientation. A support having at least one indentation, wherein the indentation has a size in the nanometer range, includes a predetermined structure which is arranged substantially centrally within said indentation and which optionally has a functional unit diametrically opposite to the side pointing to the bottom surface. The arrangement is especially suitable for single molecule analysis and, here especially, for single molecule sequencing and other high-throughput methods.

The disclosure provides three-dimensional crosslinked polymer networks comprising one or more channels extending from the surface and/or near the surface of the network into the interior of the network, arrays comprising the networks, processes for making the networks, and uses of the networks and arrays.

In an example method, a grafting solution is applied to a patterned substrate using a liquid-phase thin-film deposition technique. The patterned substrate includes a lane surrounded by, or a plurality of depressions separated by interstitial regions; and a polymer in the lane or in each of the plurality of depressions. The polymer is functionalized with a first click reaction moiety. The grafting solution includes a solvent; a polymer matrix material dissolved in the solvent; and primers of a primer set dissolved in the solvent, each of the primers being terminated with a second click reaction moiety. The applied grafting solution is dried. During drying, a solid polymer matrix is formed and at least some of the primers attach to the polymer i) via the first and second click reaction moieties and ii) in at least a portion of the lane or in at least some of the plurality of depressions.

Biomolecule arrays on a substrate are described which contain a plurality of biomolecules, such as coding nucleic acids and/or isolated polypeptides, at a plurality of discrete, isolated, locations. The arrays can be used, for example, in high throughput genomics and proteomics for specific uses including, but not limited molecular diagnostics for early detection, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, monitoring clinical response, and protein crystallography.

Some embodiments described herein relate to a substrate with a surface comprising a silane or a silane derivative covalently attached to optionally substituted cycloalkene or optionally substituted heterocycloalkene for direct conjugation with a functionalized molecule of interest, such as a polymer, a hydrogel, an amino acid, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, a peptide, a polynucleotide, or a protein. In some embodiments, the silane or silane derivative contains optionally substituted norbornene or norbornene derivatives. Method for preparing a functionalized surface and the use in DNA sequencing and other diagnostic applications are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a method of producing an oligomer array. The invention comprises the steps of: providing a substrate with a multitude of recesses; introducing a first particle with a first molecule into a recess; releasing the first molecule from the first particle; binding the first molecule to a second molecule to form an oligomer while immobilizing the second molecule in the recess; optionally repeating the steps, wherein at least one of the first particles and/or the first molecules comprises a detectable marker.

Various embodiments of the teachings relate to a system or method for sample preparation or analysis in biochemical or molecular biology procedures. The sample preparation can involve small volume processed in discrete portions or segments or slugs, herein referred to as discrete volumes. A molecular biology procedure can be nucleic acid analysis. Nucleic acid analysis can be an integrated DNA amplification/DNA sequencing procedure.

A microsphere-based analytic chemistry system and method for making the same is disclosed in which microspheres or particles carrying bioactive agents may be combined randomly or in ordered fashion and dispersed on a substrate to form an array while maintaining the ability to identify the location of bioactive agents and particles within the array using an optically interrogatable, optical signature encoding scheme. A wide variety of modified substrates may be employed which provide either discrete or non-discrete sites for accommodating the microspheres in either random or patterned distributions. The substrates may be constructed from a variety of materials to form either two-dimensional or three-dimensional configurations. In a preferred embodiment, a modified fiber optic bundle or array is employed as a substrate to produce a high density array. The disclosed system and method have utility for detecting target analytes and screening large libraries of bioactive agents.